The State Council issued the full text of the Outline of National Land Planning (2016-2030).
The State Council on printing and distributing the outline of national land planning(2016— Notice of 2030)
Guo Fa [2017] No.3
People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:
The Outline of National Land Planning (2016— 2030) is issued to you, please implement it carefully.
the State Council
January 3, 2017
(This piece is publicly released)
Outline of National Land Planning (2016— 2030)
Catalogue
Leading words
Chapter I Basic Situation
Section 1 Major Opportunities
Section 2 Severe challenges
Chapter II General Requirements
The first section guiding ideology
Section 2 Basic Principles
Section III Main Objectives
Chapter III Strategic Pattern
Section 1 Efficient and standardized pattern of land development and opening up
Section 2 Safe and Harmonious Ecological Environment Protection Pattern
Section III Regional Development Pattern of Coordination and Linkage
Chapter IV Agglomeration Development
The first section to build a multi-center network development pattern
Section 2 Promoting the Development of New Urbanization
Section III Optimizing the Development Layout of Modern Industries
Chapter V Classified Protection
The first section constructs the "five categories and three levels" national territory protection pattern.
Section 2 Promoting the Protection of Human Settlements and Ecological Environment
Section III Strengthening Natural Ecological Protection
Section IV Strict Protection of Water Resources and Cultivated Land Resources
Section 5 Strengthening the Protection of Marine Ecological Environment
Chapter VI Comprehensive Improvement
Section 1 Promote the formation of a comprehensive land improvement pattern of "four districts and one belt"
Section II Comprehensive Improvement of Urbanization Areas
Section III Promoting the Comprehensive Improvement of Rural Land
The fourth quarter to strengthen the comprehensive improvement of key ecological function areas
Section 5 Accelerate the comprehensive improvement of mineral resources development concentration areas
Section VI Comprehensive Improvement of Coastal Zones and Islands
Chapter VII Linkage Development
Section 1 Promoting the Development of Regional Integration
Section 2 Support the accelerated development of special areas
Section III Improving the Level of Open Cooperation
Chapter VIII Support and Guarantee
Section 1 Strengthening infrastructure construction
Section 2 Ensuring Reasonable Demand for Construction Land
Section III Strengthening the Comprehensive Allocation of Water Resources
The fourth quarter to build energy security system
Section 5: Enhancing the Guarantee Capacity of Non-energy Important Mineral Resources
Section VI Strengthening the Ability of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Section 7 Promoting institutional and institutional innovation
Chapter IX Supporting Policies
Section 1 Resources and Environmental Policies
Section II Industrial Investment Policy
Section III Fiscal and Tax Policies
Chapter X Implementation of the Outline
The first section tamps the implementation foundation
Section 2 Strengthening implementation management
Leading words
China’s territory includes land territory and marine territory, of which the land territory covers an area of 9.6 million square kilometers. According to the relevant provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea and China’s proposition, the sea area under jurisdiction is about 3 million square kilometers. This is a precious home for the Chinese nation to thrive, and it is also the basic carrier for China’s sustainable economic and social development. Scientifically promoting the development of land agglomeration, classified protection and comprehensive improvement, further optimizing the development pattern, improving the development quality and standardizing the development order are conducive to the formation of a beautiful land with security, harmony, openness, coordination, competitiveness and sustainable development, and provide strong support and basic guarantee for realizing the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation.
According to the deployment of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, the Outline of National Land Planning (2016— 2030) (hereinafter referred to as the "Outline") is an important measure to promote the overall layout of the "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and promote the balance of population, resources and environment and the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits. The Outline implements the overall strategy of regional development and the strategy of main functional areas, promotes the implementation of the "Belt and Road" construction, the coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the development strategy of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (hereinafter referred to as the three major strategies), and makes overall arrangements for land space development, resource and environmental protection, comprehensive land improvement and security system construction, which plays a guiding and controlling role in various activities involving land space development, protection and improvement, and has a leading and coordinating role in relevant land space special planning.
The Outline covers the whole territory of China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan). The planning base period is 2015, the medium-term target year is 2020, and the long-term target year is 2030.
Chapter I Basic Situation
At present, China is in the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way, the world situation and national conditions continue to undergo profound changes, economic development has entered a new normal, and land development, utilization and protection are facing major opportunities and severe challenges. We must conform to the international trend, base ourselves on the basic national conditions, grasp the requirements of the times, and scientifically judge the development situation.
Section 1 Major Opportunities
The deepening of economic globalization has provided a good external environment for building an open land development pattern. Since the 1980s, the market economy and international division of labor have been accelerated, and the pace of economic globalization and regional integration has been accelerated, which has effectively promoted trade liberalization and regional economic cooperation and greatly promoted the flow of resource elements. The multi-polar development pattern of the world is gradually taking shape, emerging powers are rising in groups, the overall strength of developing countries is enhanced, and the international strategic focus is gradually moving eastward. China is located in the core area of the Asia-Pacific Economic Zone, which has a unique geographical advantage in undertaking global industrial transfer and deeply participating in the international division of labor, and has a broad space for opening up and international cooperation.
The continuous improvement of comprehensive national strength has laid a solid material foundation for improving the ability and level of land development. Since the reform and opening-up, China’s socialist market economic system has become increasingly sound, the economic structure has been accelerated, the infrastructure has been continuously improved, the overall level of science and education has been improved, the people’s livelihood has been continuously improved, and the endogenous motivation has been significantly enhanced. It has achieved great achievements that have attracted worldwide attention, and it has now entered the ranks of middle-income countries. In the future, China is still in an important period of strategic opportunities, with great potential, resilience and room for manoeuvre, and the overall trend of long-term economic and social development will not change.
The promotion of the strategic position of ecological civilization construction puts forward clear requirements for promoting the development, utilization, protection and rectification of land as a whole. For a long time, China has always adhered to the basic national policy of saving resources, protecting the environment and protecting cultivated land, and the people’s awareness of ecological civilization has been gradually enhanced, and the construction of ecological civilization has been steadily advanced. The 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China put forward that the construction of ecological civilization should be included in the overall layout of "five in one" in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and should be integrated into all aspects and the whole process of economic construction, political construction, cultural construction and social construction. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee put forward the concept of "green" development. This requires cherishing every inch of land, optimizing the spatial development pattern of land, promoting resource conservation in an all-round way, strengthening the protection of natural ecosystems and environment, and strengthening the construction of system of ecological civilization.
The pattern of land agglomeration and development has become increasingly clear, which has established a basic framework for the orderly development of land. Since the reform and opening up, China’s population and industry have been gathering in the eastern coastal areas and big cities, which has promoted the formation of three major urban agglomerations, namely, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, and the development axes along the coast, along the river and along the main traffic lines. In recent years, around the implementation of the overall strategy of regional development and the strategy of main functional areas, the state has promulgated and implemented a series of regional plans and policies, and determined the direction and focus of optimizing the economic spatial layout; The National Plan for Major Functional Zones was formulated, the action program and long-term blueprint for scientific development of land space were defined, and the overall land use plan, mineral resources plan and marine functional zone plan were issued and implemented. The land development was arranged from different levels and angles, and the key points and basic framework of land development were initially established.
Section 2 Severe challenges
Resource constraints are increasing. First, there are obvious defects in resource endowment. China’s total resources are large and all kinds, but the per capita is small, and the overall quality is not high. The per capita possession of major resources is far below the world average. Low-grade mineral resources, and many refractory ores; In land resources, there are more difficult land to use and less suitable farmland; The spatial matching of water and soil resources is poor, and the resource-rich areas overlap with the ecologically fragile areas. The second is the rigid growth of resource demand. In the past decade, the growth rate of China’s mineral resources supply has increased by 0.5&mdash year-on-year; 1 times, 0.5&mdash higher than the world average growth rate in the same period; 1 times, the dependence on foreign countries is constantly increasing, and the domestic guarantee degree of bulk mineral resources such as oil, iron ore, copper, aluminum and potassium salt is less than 50%. The demand for construction land remains high. In 2015, the actual land supply reached 530,000 hectares. With the simultaneous development of new industrialization, informationization, urbanization and agricultural modernization, the demand for resources will remain strong. Third, the way of resource utilization is relatively extensive. At present, the water consumption and energy consumption per unit of GDP in China are 3.3 times and 2.5 times of the world average respectively. The per capita urban industrial and mining construction land area is 149 square meters, and the per capita rural residential land area is 300 square meters, far exceeding the upper limit of national standards; The overall utilization level of mineral resources is not high. Fourth, the risk and difficulty of using foreign resources are increasing. At present, the world economy is undergoing deep adjustment, the recovery momentum is insufficient, the geopolitical influence is aggravated, and the new industrial division of labor and economic order are accelerating adjustment.Competition among countries in the fields of market, resources, talents, technology and standards has become more intense, and global issues such as energy security, food security and climate change have become more prominent. Development still faces many instabilities and uncertainties, and it is increasingly difficult for China to obtain energy resources from the international community.
The pressure on the ecological environment has increased. First, the environmental quality in some areas continues to decline. Among the 700 water quality monitoring sections in the top ten river basins in 2015, the proportion of water quality sections with inferior grade V was 8.9%. In Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Shandong Peninsula and other areas, compound air pollution is serious; In central Liaoning, Chengdu-Chongqing and the west side of the Taiwan Strait, the problem of compound air pollution began to appear. The overall situation of soil environment in China is not optimistic, with heavy soil pollution in some areas, worrying soil environmental quality of cultivated land and outstanding soil environmental problems in industrial and mining wasteland. The total over-standard rate of soil points in China is 16.1%, and that of cultivated land is 19.4%. Second, the function of ecosystem is deteriorating. In some areas, the problems of forest destruction, shrinking wetlands, drying up rivers and lakes, soil erosion, land desertification and grassland degradation are prominent, biodiversity is reduced and ecological disasters are frequent. The areas of soil erosion, desertification and rocky desertification in China are 2.95 million square kilometers, 1.73 million square kilometers and 120,000 square kilometers, respectively. The area of moderately and severely degraded grasslands in China still accounts for more than one third of the total grassland area, and about 44% of the wildlife population shows a downward trend, and the proportion of wildlife species threatened is 15%— 20%。 Third, geological disasters occur in many areas and frequently. The land area with extremely unstable geological environment accounts for 4.6% and 10.1% respectively, and the safety risk of geological environment in some areas is high. Sichuan-Yunnan Mountain, Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, Qinling-Bashan Mountain, Central and South Gansu Mountain, etc.Sudden geological disasters such as landslides, collapses and mudslides occur frequently; In the Yangtze River Delta, North China Plain, Fenwei Basin, coastal sedimentary coast and other areas, the gradual geological disasters such as land subsidence and ground fissures are increasing. Fourth, marine ecological environment problems have become increasingly prominent. The total amount of land-based and marine pollutants discharged into the sea has increased rapidly, and the pollution in coastal waters has become more serious, especially in Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Yangtze River Estuary, Hangzhou Bay and Pearl River Estuary. The retention rate of natural coastline is 37.6%, sandy coast is seriously eroded, coastal wetlands are decreasing, and marine ecological service function is degraded; Marine ecological disasters such as red tide and green tide occur frequently, with the average annual disaster area exceeding 14,000 square kilometers and 30,000 square kilometers respectively. Major marine pollution accidents occur from time to time.
The pattern of land spatial development needs to be optimized urgently. First, the economic layout is not in harmony with the distribution of population and resources. Since the reform and opening-up, industries and employed people have been concentrated in the eastern coastal areas, and the market consumption areas and resource-rich areas are out of place, resulting in long-distance transportation of energy resources and large-scale cross-regional flow of products and labor, which has increased economic operation costs, social stability and ecological environment risks. Second, the structural contradictions among towns, agriculture and ecological space are prominent. With the continuous expansion of urban and rural construction land, the space of agricultural and ecological land is squeezed, and the contradiction between urban, agricultural and ecological space is intensified; The distribution of high-quality cultivated land is highly overlapped with urbanization areas, and the pressure of cultivated land protection continues to increase, and the spatial development policy is facing difficult choices. Third, the intensity of land development in some areas does not match the carrying capacity of resources and environment. Over-exploitation and under-exploitation coexist. The intensity of land development in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta is close to or beyond the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and some areas with good natural endowments in the central and western regions still have great potential. Fourth, there is a lack of overall planning for land and sea development. The development layout of some coastal areas does not adapt to the environmental conditions of marine resources. The scale of reclamation has increased rapidly and is widely used. The coastline and inshore sea resources available for development are increasingly scarce, and the contradiction of sea use in sea-related industries is prominent, which has seriously damaged fishery resources and ecological environment.
Quality of land development needs to be improved. First, urbanization pays more attention to speed than quality. Since the reform and opening up, China’s urbanization process has accelerated, and the urbanization rate of permanent residents has increased from 17.9% in 1978 to about 56.1% in 2015. However, urbanization has expanded extensively and industrial support is insufficient. 2000— In 2015, the area of urban built-up areas in China increased by about 113%, much higher than the 59% increase of urban population in the same period. The carrying capacity of some cities is weakened, water and soil resources and energy are insufficient, and environmental pollution is prominent. Second, the phenomenon of low-quality isomorphism of industries is more common. Generally speaking, industrial development is still in the stage of over-reliance on scale expansion and driven by energy and resource factors, with low industrial synergy, lack of core competitiveness and low added value of products, and there is a clear gap with developed countries in terms of technical level, profitability and market influence. At the same time, industrial homogeneity between regions is serious, and some industries have serious overcapacity. Third, the problems of repeated and insufficient infrastructure construction coexist. Infrastructure construction in some areas is too advanced, idle and wasteful. Infrastructure construction in remote areas of central and western China is relatively backward, and public services and emergency support infrastructure such as health, medical care and environmental protection are lacking. Fourth, the gap between urban and rural regional development is still large. The income ratio of urban and rural residents has increased from 1.86∶1 in the mid-1980s to 2.73∶1 in 2015, and there is a significant difference between urban and rural infrastructure and public services. In 2014,The per capita GDP of the eastern region is 1.75 times, 1.79 times and 1.28 times that of the central, western and northeastern regions respectively, and the land economic density of the eastern region is 2.81 times, 18.80 times and 5.34 times that of the central, western and northeastern regions respectively. The backward development of the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas is more prominent. By the end of 2015, there were still 56.3 million rural poverty-stricken people in China.
Chapter II General Requirements
Actively respond to the new opportunities and challenges faced by land development, focus on achieving the goal of "two hundred years" and realizing the Chinese dream of great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation, strengthen top-level design and overall planning in view of the outstanding problems in land development, and scientifically determine the guiding ideology, basic principles and main objectives of land development, protection and remediation.
The first section guiding ideology
We will fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, coordinate and promote the overall layout of the "five in one" and the "four comprehensive" strategic layout, firmly establish and implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing, and vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization. Adhere to the balance of population, resources and environment and the unity of economic, social and ecological benefits, accelerate the transformation of land development and utilization methods, comprehensively improve the quality and efficiency of land development, implement the overall strategy of regional development, the strategy of main functional areas and the three strategies, make overall plans to promote the formation of a "trinity" overall pattern of land agglomeration development, classified protection and comprehensive improvement, strengthen the control of land space use, establish a land space development and protection system, and enhance the ability of land space governance, in order to achieve the goal of "two hundred years"
Section 2 Basic Principles
Adhere to the matching of land development with the carrying capacity of resources and environment. Establish the concept of ecological civilization of respecting nature, conforming to nature and protecting nature, adhere to the balance of population, resources and environment, clarify the limitation and suitability of land development based on resource endowment, ecological conditions and environmental capacity, scientifically determine the scale, structure, layout and timing of land development and utilization, delimit the control boundaries of urban, agricultural and ecological space development, and guide population and industry to gather in areas with strong resource and environmental carrying capacity.
Adhere to the coordination of concentrated development and balanced development. Focus on agglomeration development, encourage qualified areas to take the lead in development, maximize the efficiency of factor agglomeration, and improve the radiation driving ability to surrounding areas. Give consideration to efficiency and fairness, allocate public resources as a whole, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural areas. Increase support for old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas, poverty-stricken areas and resource-based areas, and enhance self-development capabilities. Give priority to ensuring the construction space of people’s livelihood facilities and promote the equalization of basic public services.
Adhere to the promotion of point development and surface protection. Adhere to development in protection and protection in development, implement centralized layout and stronghold development in areas with relatively strong carrying capacity of resources and environment, fully improve the utilization efficiency of limited development space, make more space, and realize a wider and higher level of national land protection. According to the characteristics of land space in different regions, the theme of protection should be clarified, and classified protection should be implemented to promote the protection of the whole territory and effectively safeguard the national ecological security.
Adhere to the overall planning of land development and sea area utilization. While promoting the in-depth development of land, we should give full play to the important role of marine land as economic space, strategic channel, resource base and security barrier, expand the scope of sharing the benefits of marine economic development in inland areas, strengthen the cooperative governance of land and ocean in development orientation, industrial layout, resource development, environmental protection and disaster prevention and mitigation, build a benign and interactive land-sea integrated development pattern, improve the development capacity of marine resources, and accelerate the construction of a maritime power.
Adhere to the unity of saving priority and efficient utilization. We will implement the strategy of giving priority to conservation, strengthen conservation management in the whole process, improve market regulation, standard control, assessment and supervision, improve the system of intensive use of land, water and energy, greatly reduce the intensity of resource consumption, improve the efficiency and effectiveness of utilization, form a spatial pattern of resource conservation, industrial structure, production mode and consumption mode, promote the fundamental transformation of resource utilization mode, and realize green development, circular development and low-carbon development.
Adhere to the combination of market regulation and government regulation. Actively improve the market economic system in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, give play to the decisive role of market in allocating resources to a greater extent and in a wider scope, and improve the efficiency of resource allocation and land space development. Vigorously promote the supply-side structural reform, give full play to the role of the government in the development, utilization and protection of land space, improve the control system for the use of natural resources assets, strengthen the control of land space use, comprehensively use economic, administrative and legal means, scientifically guide population mobility, urban and rural construction and industrial layout, and rationally optimize the spatial structure.
Section III Main Objectives
We will comprehensively promote the development, protection and rectification of land and accelerate the construction of a beautiful land that is safe, harmonious, open, coordinated, competitive and sustainable.
The pattern of land space development has been continuously optimized, and the overall competitiveness and comprehensive national strength have been significantly enhanced. By 2020, the layout of the main functional areas in the country will be basically formed and the spatial layout of the country will be optimized; By 2030, the layout of the main functional areas will be further improved, supported by key economic zones, urban agglomerations and major agricultural products producing areas, a new pattern of industrialization and urbanization with important axes as the mainstay will be basically formed, the population will be more orderly, the urban culture will be more prosperous, the all-round opening-up pattern will be gradually improved, the international competitiveness will be significantly enhanced, the intensity of land development will not exceed 4.62%, and the urban space will be controlled within 116,700 square kilometers.
Substantial progress has been made in the coordinated development of urban and rural areas, and the coordination of land development has been greatly improved. By 2020, a new pattern of regional coordinated development will be basically formed, the income gap between regions and between urban and rural areas will be narrowed, the level of equalization of basic public services will be steadily improved, and the quality of urbanization will be significantly improved; By 2030, the system and mechanism of urban-rural integration development will be more perfect, the equal exchange of urban and rural factors and the balanced allocation of public resources will be basically realized, the new relationship between workers and peasants and urban and rural areas will be further improved, and the equalization of basic public services will be realized as a whole.
A resource-saving and environment-friendly society has been basically established, and its capacity for sustainable development has been significantly enhanced. By 2020, the living environment will be gradually improved, the stability of the ecosystem will be continuously enhanced, and biodiversity will be effectively protected; By 2030, an intensive, green, low-carbon and circular resource utilization system will be basically completed, the ecological environment will be effectively protected, the level of resource conservation and intensive utilization will be significantly improved, the energy consumption and water consumption per unit of GDP will be greatly reduced, the comprehensive improvement of land will be comprehensively promoted, the production, living and ecological functions will be significantly improved, the amount of cultivated land will remain above 1.825 billion mu, 1.2 billion mu of high-standard farmland will be built, and the area for controlling soil erosion will be increased by more than 940,000 square kilometers.
The infrastructure system tends to be perfect, and the ability to ensure resources and the level of homeland security are constantly improving. By 2020, a transport corridor network with internal communication and external communication will be built, urban domestic sewage and garbage treatment facilities will be fully covered, water conservancy infrastructure will be more perfect, and the disaster prevention and mitigation system will be more sound; By 2030, the comprehensive transportation and information communication infrastructure system will be improved, the urban and rural water supply and flood control capabilities will be significantly enhanced, the supply of water, land, energy and mineral resources will be effectively guaranteed, the disaster prevention and mitigation system will be basically improved, and the ability to resist natural disasters will be significantly improved. The density of road and railway networks will reach 0.6 km/km2, and the total water consumption will be controlled within 700 billion cubic meters.
The level of marine development and protection has been significantly improved, and the goal of building a maritime power has basically been achieved. By 2020, the development space of marine economy will continue to expand, the layout of marine industry will be more reasonable, and the radiation-driven ability to coastal economy will be further enhanced, and the proportion of marine GDP to GDP will reach 9.5%; By 2030, the capacity of marine development, control and comprehensive management will be improved in an all-round way, the marine economy will continue to grow, the quality of marine ecological environment will continue to improve, the emergency response capacity of marine emergencies will be significantly enhanced, the national maritime rights and interests will be effectively safeguarded, and the proportion of marine GDP to GDP will strive to reach 14%.
The system of land space development and protection has been fully established, and the foundation of ecological civilization construction has become more solid. By 2020, the spatial planning system will be continuously improved, the most stringent land management system, water resources management system and environmental protection system will be implemented, the red line of ecological protection will be fully delineated, the system and mechanism of land space development, resource conservation and ecological environment protection will be improved, and the monitoring and early warning level of resource and environment carrying capacity will be improved; By 2030, the system of land space development and protection will be more perfect, and the space governance system composed of space planning, use control and differentiated performance evaluation will be more perfect, and the modernization of land space governance capacity will be basically realized.
Table 1 Main indicators
Indicator name
2015year
2020year
2030year
attribute
one.Cultivated land (100 million mu)
18.65
18.65
18.25
binding character
2.Total water consumption (100 million cubic meters)
6180
6700
7000
binding character
three.Forest coverage (%)
21.66
＞23
＞24
Anticipation
four.Grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage (%)
54
fifty-six
60
Anticipation
five.Wetland area (100 million mu)
eight
eight
eight.three
Anticipation
six.Intensity of land development (%)
four.02
four.24
four.62
binding character
seven.Urban space (ten thousand square kilometers)
eight.90
10.21
11.67
Anticipation
eight.Density of highway and railway network (km/Square kilometer)
0.forty-nine
≥0.five
≥0.six
Anticipation
nine.Excellent proportion of water quality in seven key river basins in China (%)
67.five
＞70
＞75
binding character
10.Water quality compliance rate of important rivers and lakes water functional areas (%)
70.eight
＞80
＞95
binding character
11.Newly-increased soil erosion control area (10,000 square kilometers)
–
32
94
Anticipation
Chapter III Strategic Pattern
In-depth implementation of the overall strategy of regional development, the strategy of main functional areas and the three strategies, based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, to promote the adaptation of land agglomeration development and classified protection, based on comparative advantages, to promote regional coordinated development, and to effectively optimize the pattern of land spatial development.
Section 1 Efficient and standardized pattern of land development and opening up
Build a competitive highland with the focus on cultivating important development axes and development clusters. Adhere to intensive development and make efficient use of land space. In urbanized areas with strong carrying capacity of resources and environment, high level of agglomeration and development or great potential, efforts should be made to promote the agglomeration and development of land and guide the relatively centralized layout of population and industry. Based on the four major sectors, guided by the three major strategies, focusing on the national optimized development and key development areas, relying on major rivers and important traffic trunk lines, we will build several important axes of land development, promote the orderly flow and efficient agglomeration of production factors, focus on building the main framework of land agglomeration development, actively build a multi-center network development pattern, and enhance the efficiency and overall competitiveness of land development.
Building a modern industrial base based on realistic foundation and comparative advantage. According to the overall strategic deployment of national industrial development, based on the industrial development foundation and comparative advantages of various regions, we will guide the structural adjustment and layout optimization of key industries by classification and zoning, and promote the formation of an industrial pattern with reasonable division of labor, complementary advantages and coordinated development among regions. Improve the core competitiveness of industries, transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and expand strategic emerging industries, accelerate the development of modern service industries, cultivate a number of advanced manufacturing bases with international competitiveness, and develop modern industrial clusters. Accelerate agricultural modernization, focusing on areas with good resource conditions, complete supporting facilities and great development potential, build advantageous areas of important agricultural products, strengthen the protection of cultivated land, promote the construction of high-standard farmland, consolidate and improve the supply capacity of important agricultural products, and form a pattern of modern agricultural spatial development.
Promoting the all-round opening of the country by developing the marine economy and promoting the development and opening up along the coast. Promote the opening up along the coast and form a regional opening pattern with complementary advantages, division of labor and cooperation, and balance and coordination. Encourage the eastern coastal areas to fully participate in the international division of labor and actively integrate into economic globalization. Further promote the development and opening up of border areas, speed up the construction of border central cities and port cities, strengthen the interconnection of infrastructure with neighboring countries, develop characteristic industrial clusters and industrial bases facing the surrounding areas, and form a development and opening up pattern with unique geographical advantages. Coordinate the development and construction of coastal zones and islands, offshore and offshore development and utilization, enhance the marine development capacity, optimize the marine industrial structure, and improve the support level of marine economic growth to the national economy.
Section 2 Safe and Harmonious Ecological Environment Protection Pattern
Promote the protection of the whole territory by classification and grading. Based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, comprehensively consider the ecological function, development degree and resources and environment problems in different regions, highlight the theme of key resources and environment protection, implement land protection, maintenance and restoration in a targeted manner, effectively strengthen environmental zoning governance, improve urban and rural living environment, strictly protect water and soil resources, improve the function of natural ecosystems, strengthen marine environmental protection, and promote the formation of a national land classification and classification protection pattern.
Construct the ecological security pattern of land, sea and land. Construction of ecological barrier in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Loess Plateau — Sichuan-Yunnan ecological barrier, northeast forest belt, sand control belt in the north, hilly and mountainous areas in the south (namely "two screens and three belts") and important river systems of major rivers are the skeleton, supported by other national key ecological function area, and the land ecological security pattern is an important part of the country’s forbidden development areas with point distribution. Coordinate marine ecological protection, development and utilization, and build a "one belt, one chain and many points" marine ecological security pattern supported by coastal zones, island chains and various protected areas.
Section III Regional Development Pattern of Coordination and Linkage
Fully implement the three strategies. We will further promote the implementation of the "Belt and Road" construction strategy, promote the interconnection of international and domestic regional economic development, and form a new situation of regional cooperation and opening up along the coast, along the river and along the border. Promote the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, orderly relieve the functions of Beijing’s non-capital, adjust the economic structure and spatial structure, explore the optimized development model of densely populated areas, and enhance the radiation-driven ability to the Bohai Rim region and the northern hinterland. Promote the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, rely on the golden waterway of the Yangtze River, give play to the radiation-driven role of the main axis of the Yangtze River, and extend to the hinterland. Guided by the three major strategies, we will actively plan a new pattern of regional development, and form a new economic growth pole and growth belt from point to line and from line to surface along major rivers and important traffic trunk lines from east to west, expanding new space for regional development, and shaping a new pattern of regional development with orderly and free flow of factors, effective constraints on main functions, equal basic public services and bearable resources and environment.
Promote coordinated regional development. Continue to implement the overall strategy of regional development in depth, base on the regional resources and environmental endowments, give play to comparative advantages, determine the development orientation, development priorities, protection contents and remediation tasks of different regions, improve and innovate regional policies, and improve the accuracy of regional policies. Promote the accelerated development of key areas, support the leap-forward development of old and young border poverty-stricken areas, support the transformation and development of resource-based areas, encourage the innovation and development of reform pilot areas, and promote the coordinated development of regional dislocation.
Promote regional integration development. Give full play to the deep connectivity of the land development axis belt, speed up the construction of comprehensive transportation corridor, strengthen the economic ties and division of labor and cooperation along the land development axis belt, and realize the free flow and optimal combination of factors among regions. Give full play to the radiation-driven role of land development agglomeration areas, promote urban development, industrial layout, resource development and utilization, ecological environment protection and infrastructure construction in the development agglomeration areas and their surrounding areas, and promote the process of regional integration development.
Chapter IV Agglomeration Development
In accordance with the requirements of regional coordinated development and the orientation of the main functions, we should comprehensively use the means of land space use control, resource allocation, environmental access and major infrastructure construction to guide the orderly agglomeration of population and industry, build a spatial pattern of land agglomeration and development with moderate concentration, complementary advantages, intensive and efficient, and overall planning of land and sea, so as to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of land.
The first section to build a multi-center network development pattern
Promote the construction of land development clusters. Promote the coordinated development of optimized development areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, focus on optimizing population distribution, industrial structure and urban layout, change the way of land space development and utilization, promote the intensive and compact development of cities and towns, improve the efficiency of land development, and participate in international cooperation and competition extensively and deeply. Accelerate the upgrading of the level of agglomeration development and radiation-driven capacity of key development areas such as the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing, increase the intensity of undertaking industrial transfer, moderately expand urban capacity, close the links between urban agglomerations, and give full play to the leading role in the rise of the central region and the implementation of the strategy of developing the western region. Enlarge Hachang area, central and southern Liaoning area, central and southern Hebei area, Shandong Peninsula area, East Longhai area, west coast of the Taiwan Strait, Beibu Gulf area, central Shanxi urban agglomeration, Central Plains area, Jianghuai area, central Guizhou area, central Yunnan area, Hubao Eyu area, Ningxia along the Yellow River area and Guanzhong area — Tianshui area, Lanzhou — The construction of Xining area, the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain, central and southern Tibet and other areas will be intensified, infrastructure construction and environmental protection will be strengthened, new industrialization will be actively promoted, population and industrial agglomeration capacity will be improved, and regional economic centers with important influence will be built to accelerate the development of surrounding areas.
Actively cultivate the axis of land development. Relying on the main traffic trunk lines and comprehensive transportation networks, we will focus on promoting the construction of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, focusing on the development of "two horizontal and three vertical" axial belts, promoting the development of land agglomeration, guiding the orderly and free flow and efficient agglomeration of production factors to traffic trunk lines and connecting channels, and promoting the efficient allocation of resources and the deep integration of the market. Enhancing the function of the coastal axis belt connecting the vanguard and main force of the 21st century Maritime Silk Road construction has become an important economic axis belt for China to implement the land-sea overall planning strategy, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up. Further develop Jingha — The Beijing-Guangzhou axis belt plays an important role in promoting the interaction between the north and the south and the integration of the east and the west in the national regional development; Building the Beijing-Kowloon axis belt will become an important economic belt to promote the rise of central China and the development of industrial gradient. Promote the development of Bao-Kun axis belt, give play to the role of the most important north-south development axis belt in western China, and build it into an important strategic channel for China to open to the southwest and close ties with the western region. Building Longhai — The Lanzhou-Xinjiang axis belt forms an important strategic channel for China to open to the west and close the links between the northwest and the east. Make the Yangtze River Economic Axis Belt into an inland river economic belt with global influence, and fully play an important role in promoting the interactive cooperation between China’s East, West and China and the comprehensive opening of coastal areas along the Yangtze River; Build the Shanghai-Kunming axis belt and create an important channel for smooth communication between the southeast and southwest regions. Play that role of Jinglan axis belt as an important development axis belt in the east-west direction in northern China,Further smooth the economic ties between North China and Northwest China. According to the basic conditions of different development axes and the economic and social development level of the connecting areas, we should make clear the strategic positioning and development priorities, strengthen the economic ties and division of labor and cooperation between the agglomeration areas on the axes, promote the population and industrial agglomeration, and enhance the agglomeration efficiency of the axes. Focus on cultivating the east-west development axis belt, promote the focus of land development from coastal areas to inland areas, and accelerate the narrowing of regional gaps. Accelerate the construction of the Pilot Free Trade Zone and port areas and form an important node for the construction of the "Belt and Road". By 2030, the strategic pattern of urbanization will be further improved, the development and agglomeration capacity of important axes will be greatly improved, and a new pattern of multi-center network-based land space development will basically take shape.
Section 2 Promoting the Development of New Urbanization
Promote the coordinated development of various towns. Relying on the development axis belt and development agglomeration area, and taking urban agglomeration as the main form, we will promote the rational division of labor, complementary functions and coordinated development of large, medium and small cities and small towns. Encourage the rational layout of cities and towns according to local conditions, and avoid disorderly spread and occupation of high-quality cultivated land such as high-standard farmland. Give full play to the comprehensive functions of mega-cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou to serve the whole country and face the world, improve international influence and competitiveness, and lead the national economic development; Improve the organization ability of economic and social activities in big cities, strengthen regional service functions, and promote the development of surrounding areas; Accelerate the development of small and medium-sized cities, strengthen industrial functions, service functions and residential functions, improve the construction level of municipal infrastructure and public service facilities, and improve the ability to gather population and serve the surrounding areas; Focus on the development of small towns with superior location, great potential and charm, promote the development of county economy, play a role as a link between urban and rural areas, and cultivate small towns with professional characteristics such as agricultural product processing, trade and logistics. Establish a mechanism linking the increase in the scale of urban construction land with the absorption of the number of agricultural transfer population, scientifically set the development intensity and delimit the urban development boundary.
Classification guides the development of urbanization. Improve the quality of urbanization in optimized development areas, build Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other areas into urban agglomerations with world influence, give priority to revitalizing existing land, strictly control new construction land, coordinate the above-ground and underground space, and guide the population of central cities to transfer to surrounding areas in an orderly manner. Cultivate and develop urban agglomerations in the central and western regions, develop and expand urban agglomerations in Northeast China, Central Plains, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing area and Guanzhong Plain, appropriately expand the supply of construction land, improve the utilization intensity of existing construction land, improve infrastructure and public services, accelerate population and industrial agglomeration, and create an important growth pole to promote the balanced development of land space and lead regional economic development. Steadily and orderly promote the development of urbanization in major agricultural products producing areas, coordinate urban expansion and the layout of advantageous areas of important agricultural products, strengthen the protection of agricultural land, especially cultivated land, implement point development and surface protection, and promote the concentration of population in cities and key small towns; Improve the public service facilities in counties and towns, improve the public service and residential functions of small towns, and promote the full integration of agricultural transfer population into cities and towns. Guide the urbanization development of key ecological functional areas, implement intensive development and centralized construction based on the existing urban layout, and guide ecological immigrants to concentrate in small and medium-sized cities and key small towns step by step.
Optimize the urban spatial structure. According to the general requirements of promoting intensive and efficient production space, moderate livable living space and beautiful ecological space, we will adjust and optimize the urban spatial structure and strive to build a harmonious, livable, dynamic and distinctive city. Control the production space, reduce the proportion of industrial land and improve the input-output benefit of industrial land; Appropriately increase living space, reasonably guarantee the residential land of permanent urban population and improve the quality of life of urban residents; Strictly protect and expand urban open green space, build ecological corridors such as cultivated land, forest and grass, water system and green belt, give full play to the ecological supporting role of cultivated land, especially basic farmland, in optimizing the structure of urban and industrial land, protect land such as humanities and natural cultural heritage, promote the construction of sponge city, promote the improvement of urban ecological environment, and vigorously promote green urbanization.
Promote the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Comprehensively coordinate urban and rural planning, infrastructure construction, public services, industrial development, ecological environment protection and social management, accelerate the improvement of institutional mechanisms, and promote the free flow of urban and rural production factors, the free migration of urban and rural residents, and the balanced allocation of urban and rural public resources. Cultivate and develop a vibrant, characteristic and professional county economy, and enhance the ability to undertake urban function transfer and radiation-driven rural development. We will organically combine the integrated development of rural industries with the construction of new urbanization, and guide rural secondary and tertiary industries to concentrate in county towns, key towns and industrial parks. We will further promote the construction of new countryside, focus on promoting the integrated development of rural primary, secondary and tertiary industries, encourage large-scale operation, vigorously promote infrastructure construction, comprehensively strengthen the construction of farmland water conservancy and rural drinking water safety projects, promote the equalization of basic public services in urban and rural areas, moderately move villages and merge sites on the basis of respecting farmers’ wishes, optimize the layout of rural residential areas, accelerate the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and state-owned forest areas (fields), reclamation areas and shanty towns, and implement nomadic settlement projects.
Section III Optimizing the Development Layout of Modern Industries
Optimize the layout of modern agricultural production. Further consolidate the basic position of agriculture, vigorously develop regional advantageous agriculture on the premise of ensuring the basic self-sufficiency of grain and the absolute safety of rations, basically form a modern agricultural production structure and regional layout that is compatible with market demand and resource endowment, ensure the production space of agricultural products, steadily improve the production capacity of regional advantageous agricultural products, and comprehensively improve the level of agricultural modernization.
Vigorously build major grain producing areas. Comprehensively improve the comprehensive production capacity of major grain producing areas. Optimize and upgrade the main grain producing areas in Northeast China, and build advantageous industrial belts of rice, corn and soybean. Strengthen the construction of production capacity in the main grain producing areas in the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, and form an advantageous area for large-scale production of high-quality wheat, special corn and high-protein soybeans. Consolidate the production scale of the main grain producing areas in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, based on the good agricultural production conditions and abundant cultivated land resources in the middle reaches, promote the construction of double-cropping rice, indica rice to japonica rice and high-quality special wheat production areas, strengthen the food supply guarantee capacity, and create a characteristic grain production core area. Develop the main grain producing areas in northwest China and comprehensively improve the production scale and quality of high-quality wheat, corn and potatoes. Build the main grain producing areas in southwest China, focusing on the cultivation of rice, wheat, corn and potatoes. We will strengthen the construction and protection of grain industrial belts in the southeast coast and South China, and steadily increase the output scale of high-quality double-cropping rice and potatoes. Taking the main grain producing areas as the core, we will implement actions to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land, strictly observe the red line of cultivated land, improve the quality of cultivated land, and ensure the basic self-sufficiency of grain and the absolute safety of rations. Give priority to supporting the development of agricultural products processing industry in major grain producing areas, promote local transformation of grain, and enhance comprehensive agricultural production capacity.
Focus on building a dominant area for non-grain crops. Reasonably determine the scale and layout of planting land for non-grain crops, coordinate the relationship with planting land for major grain crops, and steadily develop demonstration bases for standardized, improved-variety, industrialized and mechanized production. Efforts will be made to stabilize the cotton planting area, vigorously develop the production of oilseed crops such as rape, promote the construction of sugar production bases such as sugarcane, develop high-yield and fast-growing natural rubber planting, and improve the competitiveness of industrial bases of superior fruits such as apples and oranges. With the central and eastern Inner Mongolia, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Loess Plateau, Southwest China, Northwest China, South China and Southeast Coast as the main body, we will build non-grain crop advantage areas.
Consolidate and upgrade the dominant areas of animal husbandry products. Take Northeast China, Inner Mongolia, South China, Northwest China, Southwest China, Huanghuaihai Plain and the Yangtze River Basin as the main body to build superior areas of livestock products. Improve the comprehensive supply capacity and production efficiency, optimize the structure of leading products, and improve the commodity rate of advantageous producing areas. Guide the production of live pigs and poultry to the main grain producing areas, and encourage the production of live pigs and poultry in the western region. With pastoral areas and semi-agricultural and semi-pastoral areas, Northeast China, Central Plains, and grassland areas in the south as the main body, we will build superior areas for beef cattle and mutton sheep production and breeding. Actively develop modern grassland animal husbandry, adjust regional breeding layout according to environmental capacity, and coordinate the relationship between animal husbandry development and grassland protection in arid and semi-arid grassland areas in the north, Qinghai-Tibet alpine grassland areas, humid and semi-humid grassland areas in northeast China and southern grassland areas. Optimize the structure of livestock and poultry breeding, develop herbivorous animal husbandry, and form an industrial development pattern dominated by large-scale production and intensive management. Give full play to the advantages of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt and vigorously develop characteristic ecological agriculture represented by herbivorous animal husbandry. Strictly protect grassland resources, and the total grassland area of eight major pastoral provinces (regions) in China remains above 300 million hectares.
Accelerate the cultivation of superior areas of aquatic products. With the southeast coast, the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River as the center, give full play to the advantages of regional water resources and water environment, and build an aquatic product advantage area with obvious product advantages, large industrial scale and remarkable international competitiveness. Strengthen the protection of important fishery waters and aquaculture waters, and strengthen the construction of national aquatic germplasm conservation zone. Strengthen the construction and maintenance of mariculture areas. Coordinate the sea for aquaculture, tourism, ecology and other sea spaces, strictly protect the sea and land for mariculture, and ensure the demand for sea for fishermen’s production and life and modern fishery development. By 2030, the area of sea functional areas for mariculture will be no less than 2.6 million hectares. Strengthen the protection and construction of traditional dominant fishing grounds and control the intensity of offshore fishing. Promote the restoration of fishery resources in traditional fishing grounds and strengthen the construction of marine pastures.
Adjust the layout of key industries. Adhere to the road of new industrialization with China characteristics, give full play to the important supporting role of industry in national economic development, actively optimize industrial layout, transform and upgrade traditional industries, cultivate and expand strategic emerging industries, strengthen industrial basic capabilities, and build a number of intelligent, green and low-carbon advanced manufacturing bases with international competitiveness.
Focus on building coal and power bases. According to the general arrangement of "controlling the east, stabilizing the middle and developing the west", the development pattern of coal industry is determined based on factors such as resource endowment, market location, environmental capacity and water resources carrying capacity. We will increase the overall coordination of resource development and ecological environment protection in the central and western regions, promote the construction of coal bases in northern Shaanxi, Huanglong, Shendong, Mengdong, Ningdong, Jinbei, Jinzhong, Jindong, Yunnan-Guizhou and Xinjiang in an orderly manner, and build and form a number of large coal-fired power bases. To develop a green hydropower industrial belt, on the premise of ecological environment protection and resettlement, we will actively and orderly promote the construction of large hydropower bases, focusing on rivers such as Jinsha River, Yalong River, Dadu River and Lancang River in southwest China. On the premise of ensuring safety, we will steadily promote the construction of nuclear power plants. We will build large-scale wind power and solar power projects in North China, Northeast China and Northwest China in an orderly manner, and accelerate the large-scale development of offshore wind power.
Promote the development of petrochemical and coal conversion industrial bases. Give full play to regional comparative advantages and guide the centralized layout, adjustment and upgrading of industries. In the eastern coastal areas, make full use of domestic and foreign resources to build a world-class petrochemical industrial base; The central and western regions, fully relying on the advantages of resources, steadily develop the petrochemical industry. In the provinces with good water resources and ecological environment, we will carry out clean and efficient coal conversion demonstration, and plan to build a coal conversion industrial base on the premise that resources and environment can carry it. Promote shale gas exploration and development in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River.
Optimize the layout of iron and steel industrial bases. Adjust the layout of the eastern coastal steel bases, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, reduce the adjustment, improve the added value of the industry, and promote the construction of fine steel bases. Promote the structural adjustment and upgrading of the iron and steel industry in the central region, and guide the industry to concentrate along the river or resources. Give full play to the advantages of the western region along the border, and actively carry out foreign cooperation in combination with the "Belt and Road" infrastructure interconnection and international capacity cooperation.
Build nonferrous metal industrial base in an orderly manner. Give full play to the advantages of resources and moderately build a deep processing base for non-ferrous metals in the central and western regions. Using imported copper, nickel and other raw materials, we will rationally lay out and build non-ferrous metal bases in coastal areas. Strengthen the protection of rare earth resources, rationally control the scale of development and utilization, and promote the orderly development of new materials and application industries.
Gather and develop equipment manufacturing base. Focus on improving the innovation ability and basic ability of manufacturing industry, promote the deep integration of information technology and manufacturing technology, and cultivate new advantages of manufacturing industry. Encourage the eastern and northeastern regions to focus on the development of high-end equipment and high-level basic parts industries, increase research and development efforts, enhance the ability of independent innovation, and focus on building comprehensive major equipment industrial bases with international competitiveness in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, central and southern Liaoning, Harbin and Changsha. Promote the development of construction machinery, heavy mining equipment, rail transit, agricultural machinery and power transmission and transformation equipment in the central region, promote the industrial optimization and upgrading in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Jinzhong and Wanjiang, and form a production base of equipment manufacturing industry with regional competitive advantages. Support key western regions such as Chengdu-Chongqing, Hubao-Eyu, Central Guizhou and Beibu Gulf, make full use of the existing industrial base, undertake industrial transfer in an orderly manner, and form a comprehensive supporting base for equipment manufacturing.
Actively cultivate strategic emerging industrial clusters. Strengthen the forward-looking layout, promote the deep integration of technology and industry, accelerate the cultivation and growth of strategic emerging industries such as energy conservation and environmental protection, new generation information and communication technology, biology, high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy, new materials, new energy vehicles and digital creativity, and gradually build a number of emerging leading industries. Guide the rational distribution of industries, realize regional dislocation and complementary development, and avoid homogenization. Relying on the existing advantageous industrial clusters, we will cultivate and form a number of strategic emerging industrial clusters with strong innovation ability and high degree of agglomeration.
Cultivate modern service industry agglomeration development area. Give full play to the role of modern service industry in the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure, and promote the extension of producer service industry to specialization and high-end value chain, and the transformation of life service industry to refinement and high quality. Actively cultivate modern service centers and domestic trade centers, focus on developing new formats such as eco-tourism industry, and constantly improve the development level and comprehensive competitiveness of the service industry. Promote the deep integration of information technology and industrial development, drive the transformation of production mode and organization mode, and form a new form of networked, intelligent, service-oriented and collaborative industrial development.
Accelerate the construction of a modern service center. With Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta as the core, we will build a modern service center serving the whole country and facing the world, and vigorously develop high-tech service industries and modern service industries such as finance, design, cultural creativity, scientific and technological services, consulting, software information services, service outsourcing, business exhibitions and international shipping. Give full play to the industrial advantages of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing, Guanzhong, central and southern Liaoning, Shandong Peninsula and Central Plains, and form a regional modern service center. Support the construction of productive service industry and life service industry cluster, accelerate the development of health care, education and training, culture and entertainment, physical fitness and other industries, and promote large and medium-sized cities to form an industrial structure based on service economy as soon as possible. We will continue to carry out pilot projects for comprehensive reform of the national service industry and promote the construction of a national service industry development demonstration zone.
Promote the orderly development of logistics and trade centers. Accelerate the construction of key logistics areas and China Unicom’s international and domestic logistics channels, focusing on building strategic logistics hubs for Central Asia, South Asia and West Asia, and land-sea combined transport, river-sea combined transport nodes and important airports for ASEAN. Building Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Middle Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing and Guanzhong — Tianshui, Zhongyuan, Harbin and other important commercial functional areas, optimize the layout of circulation node cities. Support the construction of international trade and logistics centers in border areas and rationally arrange regional logistics centers. Planning and construction of service trade functional zones, and carrying out pilot projects for innovative development of service trade in areas where conditions permit. Relying on various existing development zones and free trade pilot zones, we plan to build a number of export bases with special services.
Promote the healthy development of eco-tourism industry. Make full use of various forms and functions of land space, adjust measures to local conditions, highlight characteristics and develop eco-tourism industry. Inner Mongolia grassland, northeast forest region, Sanjiangyuan, Shangri-La, Three Gorges of the Yangtze River, Wuyishan District, Wuling Mountain area, along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, Hainan Island and other regions, give full play to the advantages of characteristic resources, and develop tourism, vacation, special tourism and other industries on the premise of protecting natural ecology. Encourage the use of abandoned mines and remote islands to develop tourism projects.
Chapter V Classified Protection
Adhere to the principle of giving priority to protection and giving priority to natural restoration, take improving environmental quality as the core, comprehensively apply regulatory, incentive and constructive measures according to the control requirements of land development intensity in different regions, promote the protection of the whole territory by classification, safeguard the national ecological security and the safety of water and soil resources, and improve the level of ecological civilization construction.
The first section constructs the "five categories and three levels" national territory protection pattern.
Based on the evaluation of resources and environmental carrying capacity, according to the main function orientation, according to the five major types of resources and environmental themes of environmental quality, human settlement ecology, natural ecology, water resources and cultivated land resources, the land is divided into 16 types of protected areas, and the global classified protection is implemented.
Implement global classified protection according to the theme of resources and environment. For the development gathering areas with high development intensity and prominent environmental problems, the protection of the environmental quality of atmosphere, water and soil should be implemented; For other development and agglomeration areas with obvious population and industrial agglomeration trends and gradually emerging human settlement ecological environment problems, the protection with the theme of human settlement ecology should be implemented; For key ecological functional areas, the protection with the theme of natural ecology should be implemented; In areas where the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources is more prominent, water resources should be protected as the theme; In areas where high-quality cultivated land is concentrated, the protection of cultivated land resources will be implemented.
Table 2 Land classification and classification protection
Protection theme
Protection category
range
protection measures
environment quality
Environmental quality and human settlement ecological restoration area
Bohai Rim, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions
Strengthen the control of heavy metal pollution in water environment, atmospheric environment and soil, scientifically promote the communication of rivers and lakes, and build a multi-functional compound city green space.
Environmental quality and water resources maintenance area
Hubao Eyu and Lanzhou — Xining, the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and other areas
Strengthen the management of atmospheric environment and water environment, adjust the industrial structure, and strictly control the total water consumption.
Environmental quality and high-quality cultivated land maintenance area
Ha Chang, Ji Zhongnan, Jinzhong and Guanzhong — Tianshui, Wanjiang, Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan, Chengyu, Donglonghai and other areas
Strengthen the management of water environment, atmospheric environment and soil environment; Strengthen the protection of high-quality farmland and the construction of high-standard farmland.
Environmental quality maintenance area
Shaanxi section and Shanxi section of Longmen-Sanmenxia valley of the Yellow River, western Guizhou, northern Yunnan and other areas.
Improve the quality of regional water environment and improve the ability to prevent earthquakes and sudden geological disasters.
Human settlement ecology
Human settlement ecology and high-quality cultivated land maintenance area
Wuhan metropolitan area, Poyang Lake, the west side of the Taiwan Strait, Beibu Gulf and other areas.
Protect urban green space and wetland system, control the ecological environment of rivers and lakes, scientifically promote the communication of rivers and lakes, and protect high-quality cultivated land.
Human settlement ecology and environmental quality maintenance area
Central Yunnan and central Guizhou
Strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution in Dianchi Lake basin, and carry out the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution and rocky desertification.
Human settlement ecological maintenance area
Central and southern Tibet
Strengthen grassland and watershed protection, and build an ecological protection pattern with nature reserves as the main body.
Natural ecology
Water conservation reserve
Altai Mountain, Changbai Mountain, Qilian Mountain, Daxing ‘an Mountains, Zoige Grassland, Gannan Area, Sanjiangyuan Area, Nanling Mountain Area, Huaihe River Source, Zhujiangyuan, Beijing-Tianjin Water Source, Danjiangkou Reservoir Area and Ganjiang River — Minjiang source, Tianshan mountain and other areas
Maintenance or reconstruction of wetlands, forests, grasslands and other ecosystems; We will carry out the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds, strengthen the management of small watersheds in the source and upstream areas of major rivers, and plant trees and grass.
Wind-proof and sand-fixing reserve
Hulunbeier grassland, Tarim River basin, Horqin grassland, Hunshandake sandy land, northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, Altun grassland, Mu Us sandy land, middle and lower reaches of Heihe River and other areas.
Increase the efforts to return farmland to forests and grasslands, grazing and grassland, protect wetlands in sandy areas, increase the intensity of sand prevention and control in major dust storm source areas and frequent dust storms, and implement grazing prohibition and grazing closure protection management.
Soil and water conservation reserve
Rocky desertification areas in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, loess plateau, Dabie mountain area, Three Gorges reservoir area, Taihang mountain area, Sichuan-Yunnan dry-hot valley and other areas.
Strengthen the prevention of soil erosion, limit steep slope reclamation and overgrazing, strengthen the comprehensive management of small watersheds, and intensify the control of rocky desertification and the renovation and restoration of mine environment.
Biodiversity reserve
Qiangtang Plateau in Northwest Tibet, Sanjiang Plain, Wuling Mountain Area, Sichuan-Yunnan Mountain Area, Central Mountain Area of Hainan Island, Marginal Area of Southeast Tibet Plateau, Qinba Mountain Area, Liaohe Delta Wetland, Yellow River Delta, Beach Wetland in Northern Jiangsu, and Mountain Area in Southwest Guangxi.
Protect natural ecosystems and habitats of important species, and prevent development and construction from damaging the habitat.
natural reserve
Xinjiang Taklimakan Desert, Gurbantunggut Desert, Qinghai Qaidam Basin, Inner Mongolia Badain Jaran Desert, Tengger Desert, Wulanbuhe Desert, northern Tibet Plateau, southern mountainous areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, etc.
Reduce the disturbance of human activities to the regional ecological environment and promote the self-recovery of the ecosystem. Promote sand prevention and control.
Natural ecological maintenance area
South of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, wetlands in the middle and lower reaches of Huaihe River, wetlands along the Yangtze River in Anhui, wetlands in Poyang Lake, wetlands in Jingjiang section of Yangtze River, Dongting Lake area and other areas.
Restrict high-intensity development and construction, and reduce the interference of human activities; Planting trees and grass, returning farmland to forests and grasslands; Protect wetland ecosystem, return farmland to lake, and enhance storage capacity.
water resource
Water resources and high-quality cultivated land maintenance area
Haihe Plain, Huaibei Plain, Shandong Peninsula and other areas.
Rational allocation of water resources, strengthening the management of groundwater overexploitation, improving the utilization efficiency of water resources and improving the quality of regional water environment; Strengthen the construction and protection of basic farmland.
Water shortage restoration area
Western Inner Mongolia, the river basins below Nenjiang River Bridge, the river basins along the western Bohai Sea, Hami, Xinjiang and other areas.
Strictly control the intensity of water resources development, strengthen the management of groundwater overexploitation, strengthen the economical and intensive use of water resources, and reduce the loss of water resources.
Cultivated land resources
High-quality cultivated land protection area
Songnen Plain, Liaohe Plain, Yellow River Plain, Middle and Lower Yangtze River Plain, Sichuan Basin, Guanzhong Plain, Hexi Corridor, Turpan Basin, Xishuangbanna Mountain Valley Basin and other areas.
Vigorously develop water-saving agriculture, control the occupation of cultivated land by non-agricultural construction, and strengthen the quality construction of cultivated land and basic farmland.
According to the development intensity, the land classification protection will be implemented. For the optimized development areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta, the ecological environment of human settlements should be restored, optimized development and strengthened governance to fundamentally curb the deterioration trend of human settlements; Implement restoration and maintenance of key development areas, develop in an orderly manner, and improve the ecological environment of human settlements; We will protect the ecological environment in key ecological functional areas and major agricultural products producing areas, restrict development, and consolidate and improve the ecological service function and agricultural products supply capacity.
Section 2 Promoting the Protection of Human Settlements and Ecological Environment
Repair the human settlement ecological environment in three optimized development areas. Focusing on the comprehensive management of the atmosphere, water and soil environment, we will repair the ecological environment of human settlements in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region and optimize the ecological pattern of human settlements.
Strictly limit the construction of high-pollution projects. Eliminate backward production capacity in steel, cement, chemical industry, nonferrous metals and other industries according to law, and effectively control regional compound air pollution. Strictly control the construction of new projects that simply expand production capacity in industries such as papermaking, printing and dyeing, tanning, pesticides and nitrogen fertilizer, strengthen the pollution control of water bodies in Beijing section of Haihe River North and Tianjin section of Haihe River South and key rivers and lakes such as Taihu Lake, strengthen the comprehensive improvement of small watersheds entering the sea and the pollution prevention and control of coastal waters, and reduce the discharge of land-based pollutants in the Yangtze River estuary, Hangzhou Bay and Pearl River estuary. Strengthen the control of heavy metal pollution in soil, promote the technological upgrading of non-ferrous metal smelting, leather, electroplating, lead-acid batteries and other industries, and reduce pollution emissions. Restrict the development of high water consumption industries in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, promote water-saving technological transformation, improve the recycling rate of industrial water, implement the policy of prohibiting and restricting groundwater exploitation in groundwater funnel areas and seawater intrusion areas, and strengthen the prevention and control of groundwater pollution.
Focus on the restoration and protection of urban ecological land, strengthen the construction of urban garden green space system. Strengthen the connection between urban and rural ecosystems by planning and building structural green spaces such as green centers, green wedges, green belts and green corridors. Taking Taihang Mountain, Yanshan Mountain, Daqing River, Yongding River, Chaobai River, coastal wetland and other ecological corridors as the main body, the ecological pattern of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region is constructed; Take the Yangtze River, Qiantang River, Taihu Lake, Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, Yili Mountain and Tianmu Mountain — Siming mountain and coastal ecological corridor as the main body to construct the ecological pattern of the Yangtze River Delta; The ecological pattern of the Pearl River Delta region is constructed with hilly areas in northern Guangdong, coastal island wetlands and the Pearl River system as the main bodies.
Maintain the ecological environment of human settlements in key development areas. In areas such as central and southern Liaoning and Harbin-Changzhou, the northeast forest belt will play the role of ecological security barrier, strengthen the protection of water sources, forest resources and biodiversity, gradually restore wetlands in Songnen Plain, and promote pollution prevention in Songhua River, Nenjiang River and Liaohe River basins and coastal waters. Central and South Hebei, Jinzhong, Central Plains and other regions will promote the prevention and control of regional air pollution. In the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Wanjiang area, the ecological construction and protection of Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake, Han River, Xiangjiang River and Chaohu Lake will be strengthened, the wetland space of lakes will be expanded, the self-purification function of lakes will be enhanced, and soil heavy metal pollution and non-point source pollution will be prevented. In Chengdu-Chongqing area, we will strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion in the Yangtze River, Jialing River, Minjiang River, Tuojiang River and Fujiang River basins, and strengthen the control of water pollution, the restoration of aquatic biological resources and the prevention and control of geological disasters. Hubao Eyu, Ningxia along the Yellow River and Guanzhong — Tianshui and Lanzhou — Xining, the northern slope of Tianshan Mountain and other areas, strictly limit the development of high-water consumption industries, improve the utilization level of water resources, and control soot-type air pollution during heating period. In central Guizhou, we will strengthen the control of rocky desertification, the prevention and control of geological disasters and the construction of shelterbelts for large rivers and rivers, and build ecological barriers in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. In central Yunnan, we will promote the comprehensive prevention and control of water pollution in plateau lakes with Dianchi as the focus, and strengthen the prevention and control of acid rain pollution. In central and southern Tibet, we will strengthen the protection of cultivated land and grassland and increase the intensity of soil and water conservation.
Improve the ecological environment of rural human settlements. Strict environmental access for industrial projects to prevent urban and industrial pollution from transferring to rural areas. Strengthen the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, increase the prevention and control of pollution in breeding industry, especially large-scale livestock and poultry breeding, and maintain the quality and safety of drinking water sources and soil. Vigorously promote soil testing and formula fertilization, scientifically apply chemical fertilizers and pesticides, achieve zero growth in the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and promote the development of ecological agriculture and organic agriculture. Comprehensively promote rural garbage treatment, speed up rural domestic sewage treatment and toilet improvement, promote energy-saving and environment-friendly stoves, and improve the living environment of rural residents. Strengthen the protection and design of the overall style of the village, pay attention to preserving the local traditional culture, and effectively protect the natural and cultural landscape and ecological environment.
Section III Strengthening Natural Ecological Protection
Delineate and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection. Relying on the land ecological security pattern with "two screens and three belts" as the main body and the marine ecological security pattern with "one belt, one chain and many points", the important areas with ecological functions such as water conservation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, wind prevention and sand fixation, as well as sensitive and fragile areas with ecological environment are spatially superimposed and included in the ecological protection red line, covering all national and provincial forbidden development areas and other types of protected areas that need strict protection. In principle, the red line of ecological protection shall be managed according to the requirements of prohibited development areas, and all kinds of development activities that do not conform to the main function orientation are strictly prohibited, and any change of use is strictly prohibited, so as to ensure that the function, area and nature of the red line of ecological protection will not be reduced and the national ecological security will be guaranteed.
Strengthen the protection of key ecological functional areas. National key ecological function area, which has the functions of water conservation, wind and sand fixation, soil and water conservation and biodiversity conservation, takes the protection and restoration of the ecological environment and the provision of ecological products as its primary tasks, compiles and implements a negative list of industrial access, develops industries that do not affect the orientation of main functions according to local conditions, restricts large-scale industrialization and urbanization development, and guides the gradual and orderly transfer of overloaded population. We will implement stricter standards for access to regional industrial environment, and raise the ecological environment access threshold for urbanization, industrialization and resource development in various key ecological functional zones. Efforts will be made to build national key ecological function area, further strengthen ecological protection in densely populated areas in the central and eastern regions, and expand the coverage of key ecological functional areas.
Improve the supply capacity of ecological products in key ecological functional areas. Great and small Xing ‘an Mountains, Changbai Mountain, Altai Mountain, Three Rivers Source Area, Zoige Grassland, Gannan Area, Qilian Mountain, Nanling Mountain, eastern Tibet, western Sichuan and other water conservation ecological functional areas, strengthen planting trees and grass, and maintain or rebuild wetlands, forests, grasslands and other ecosystems. In the ecological functional areas of wind-proof and sand-fixing such as Tarim River Basin, Altun Grassland, Hulunbeier Grassland, Horqin Grassland, Hunshandake Sandy Land and the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain, we will increase the intensity of returning grazing to grassland, carry out grazing prohibition and rotational grazing, and restore grassland vegetation. Conditionally convert basic farmland in steep slope farmland above 25 degrees into non-basic farmland. Soil and water conservation ecological functional areas such as the Loess Plateau, Manchuan Mangang area in Northeast China, Dabie Mountain area, karst area in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan, Three Gorges reservoir area and Danjiangkou reservoir area, etc., strengthen the comprehensive control of soil erosion, prohibit steep slope reclamation and overgrazing, and pay attention to natural restoration and vegetation restoration. Sichuan-Yunnan mountain area, Qinling-Bashan mountain area, edge area of southeast Tibetan plateau, Qiangtang plateau in northwest Tibet, Sanjiang plain, Wuling mountain area, central mountainous area of Hainan Island and other biodiversity ecological functional areas, strengthen the construction of nature reserves, and strictly prevent the development and construction from damaging the habitats of important species and their natural ecosystems.
Promote the protection of other natural ecological areas. Stabilize the number of natural forests and grasslands in Nanling area, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and the southern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, reduce the intensity of human disturbance, limit high-intensity development and construction, and restore vegetation. Strengthen the protection of ecologically fragile areas such as Lop Nur, Taklimakan Desert, Gurbantunggut Desert, Tengger Desert, Altun Grassland, Northern Tibet Plateau and Hengduan Mountain Area, promote the prevention and control of desertification, and promote the self-recovery of ecosystems in desert, Gobi and cold and oxygen-deficient areas.
Establish a system of biological resources protection sites. With nature reserves as the main body, supplemented by germplasm conservation zone, game reserves, logging bans and original habitat protection communities (spots), a space system for in-situ protection of important biological resources will be established to strengthen biodiversity protection. Build an ex-situ conservation system and scientifically and reasonably carry out ex-situ conservation of species. Strengthen the preservation of germplasm resources and establish and improve the preservation system of biological genetic resources. Establish monitoring, early warning and risk management mechanisms for alien invasive species, and strengthen the safety management of alien invasive species and genetically modified organisms.
Table 3 Protection of Biological Resources in Key Areas
Key areas
Key points of protection
Northern mountainous plain area
Focus on the construction of swamp wetlands and nature reserves for rare migratory birds’ migration and breeding sites; In the grassland desert area of Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau, the genetic diversity of wild animal and plant resources and the protection of endemic species should be strengthened; In the loess plateau area of North China Plain, the protection of water conservation forests should be strengthened.
Alpine region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau
Biological resources in alpine desert.
Southwest alpine canyon area
Forest ecosystem and rare species resources in Hengduan mountain area.
Mountainous and hilly areas in central, southern and western China
Animal and plant resources in karst areas such as western Guangxi and southern Guizhou.
East China and Central China hilly plain area
Lake wetlands along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and local ancient and precious plant resources, main freshwater economic fish and rare and endangered aquatic biological resources.
Low mountain and hilly areas in South China
Wild animals and tropical rare plant resources endemic to mountainous areas in southern Yunnan and south-central Hainan Island.
Distribution areas of coastal wetlands in Bohai Bay and tidal flat wetlands in the Yellow Sea
Unique biological resources.
Section IV Strict Protection of Water Resources and Cultivated Land Resources
Strengthen the protection of water resources. Strictly protect and speed up the restoration of water ecosystem, strengthen the protection of water conservation areas, river source areas and wetlands, carry out the prevention and control of endogenous pollution, and promote the ecological restoration of ecologically fragile rivers and regions. Scientifically formulate land pollutant emission reduction plans, promote water quality standards in water functional areas, delimit drinking water source protection areas according to law, carry out the construction of safety guarantee system for important drinking water sources, and strengthen emergency management of drinking water sources. By 2020, the raw water quality of urban water supply sources will basically meet the standards. Strictly manage the occupation of rivers and lakes to alleviate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources in water-deficient areas. In northwest water-deficient areas, rationally arrange water for agriculture, animal husbandry, industry and urban life, accelerate the transformation of agricultural water use mode, reasonably determine the scale of land development according to the carrying capacity of water resources, strictly limit the development of high-water-consuming industries and service industries, and strictly prohibit the crowding out of ecological water; In southwest water-deficient areas, speed up the construction of water source projects and improve the ability of urban and rural water supply security; In the water-deficient areas of North China, we should optimize the allocation of water resources, adjust the agricultural planting structure, implement water-saving and underground hydraulic mining, and limit the development of high-water-consuming industries.
Strengthen the protection of cultivated land resources. Strictly observe the red line of cultivated land protection, and adhere to equal emphasis on the quality, quantity and ecology of cultivated land. Strictly control the occupation of cultivated land by non-agricultural construction, strengthen the guidance of agricultural planting structure adjustment, intensify the reclamation of cultivated land damaged by production construction and natural disasters, moderately develop the reserve resources of cultivated land, delimit permanent basic farmland and strictly protect it. In 2020 and 2030, the amount of cultivated land in China will not be less than 1.865 billion mu (124 million hectares) and 1.825 billion mu (122 million hectares) respectively, and the protected area of permanent basic farmland will not be less than 1.546 billion hectares. We will carry out actions to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land, carry out farmland rotation and fallow in an orderly manner, intensify the improvement and restoration of degraded, polluted and damaged farmland, and protect and improve farmland ecosystems. Strengthen conservation tillage in northern dry fields, improve the quality of acidified soil in southern hilly areas, give priority to protecting and improving farmland soil environment, strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in agricultural products producing areas, and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. Establish and improve the incentive protection mechanism of cultivated land, increase financial and policy support, and reward the subjects who implement the obligation of cultivated land protection. Strengthen the protection of high-quality cultivated land, strengthen the conservation of black farmland in Liaohe Plain, Sanjiang Plain and Songnen Plain, strengthen the optimal allocation of water and soil resources in Huanghuaihai Plain, Guanzhong Plain and Hetao Plain, and strengthen the protection of cultivated land in Jianghan Plain, Dongting Lake Plain, Poyang Lake Plain, Sichuan Basin and other regional plains and dam areas.Promote the construction of stable and high-yield commodity grain, cotton and oil bases.
Section 5 Strengthening the Protection of Marine Ecological Environment
Construct a pattern of marine ecological security. Coordinate the protection, development and utilization of marine ecology, gradually establish a protected area system with comprehensive types, reasonable layout and perfect functions, strictly limit the sea use activities that interfere with the protected objects in the protected areas, restore and improve the marine ecological environment, strengthen the construction of coastal ecological zones with coastal mangroves, coral reefs, seagrass beds and wetlands as the main bodies, and protect marine biodiversity. It is forbidden to carry out reclamation in key bays and other areas according to law. Strictly control the development and utilization of coastline and strengthen the protection of natural coastline. By 2030, the retention rate of natural coastline will not be less than 35%.
Strengthen the protection of marine environment. Adhere to the principle of land and sea planning and river and sea planning, focus on the prevention and control of land sources, strengthen the comprehensive improvement of key estuaries and bays, gradually implement the prevention and control of total nitrogen pollution in coastal cities and rivers entering the sea, strengthen the supervision of sewage outlets entering the sea, actively control ship pollution, enhance the pollution prevention and control capacity of ports and docks, promote the prevention and control of aquaculture pollution, strictly control the dumping of wastes at sea, strengthen the comprehensive improvement and ecological protection and restoration of islands, improve the environmental supervision, environmental risk prevention and emergency response capabilities of coastal waters, and establish land and sea planning and regional.
Chapter VI Comprehensive Improvement
Build a working mechanism of government-led, social coordination and public participation, increase investment, improve the diversified investment mechanism, implement major comprehensive improvement projects, restore the functions of the land, enhance the matching degree between land development and utilization and the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and improve the efficiency and quality of land development and utilization.
Section 1 Promote the formation of a comprehensive land improvement pattern of "four districts and one belt"
Accelerate the comprehensive improvement of land in different regions. We will focus on major urbanized areas, rural areas, key ecological function areas, mineral resources development concentrated areas, coastal areas (that is, "four areas and one belt") and island areas to carry out comprehensive land improvement. Carry out the redevelopment of urban inefficient land use and comprehensive improvement of human settlements, optimize the urban-rural pattern, promote the conservation and intensive land use, and improve the human settlements; In rural areas, we will implement comprehensive improvement of Tianshui Road and forest villages and high-standard farmland construction projects to improve the quality of cultivated land, continuously promote the governance of rural human settlements and improve rural production and living conditions; In key ecological functional areas with fragile ecology and serious degradation, natural restoration should be given priority to, enclosure should be strengthened, ecological restoration projects should be implemented moderately, ecosystem functions should be restored, and the production capacity of ecological products should be enhanced; In the concentrated areas of mineral resources development, we will strengthen the management and restoration of mine environment, build green mines, and carry out reclamation and utilization of industrial and mining wasteland; Repair damaged ecosystems in coastal areas and island areas to improve environmental quality and ecological value.
Section II Comprehensive Improvement of Urbanization Areas
Promote the redevelopment of inefficient construction land. Adhere to overall planning, clear property rights, benefit sharing and standardized operation, focusing on the transformation of shanty towns and villages in cities and the relocation and transformation of old industrial areas in urban areas, and actively and steadily promote the redevelopment of inefficient construction land. Adhere to the combination of centralized transformation, local transformation and reconstruction along the street, promote the intensive use of urban construction land, ensure the safety of human settlements, and ensure the harmless reuse of urban polluted sites; Dispose of idle land according to law, encourage the revitalization of inefficient land, and promote the upgrading and intensive use of industrial land; Focusing on the surrounding areas of large and medium-sized cities, we will carry out the transformation of villages in cities by classification, improve production and living conditions, and increase the effective supply of construction land. Strictly protect traditional buildings with historical, cultural and landscape values and maintain urban and rural characteristics.
Strengthen the comprehensive management of urban environment. We will promote the comprehensive control of urban air, water and soil pollution, and improve environmental protection infrastructure such as urban sewage and garbage disposal. Strengthen joint prevention and control of air pollution prevention and control in key areas, strictly control the total amount of air pollutants discharged, gradually eliminate heavily polluted weather, and effectively improve the quality of the atmospheric environment. Promote the construction of greenway network, connect urban and rural green spaces, and form an ecological buffer zone conducive to improving the quality of urban ecological environment. Develop three-dimensional greening, speed up the construction of park green space, and improve the greening of residential areas. Strengthen the ecological restoration of urban mountains, water bodies, wetlands and abandoned land, build a modern urban water network system and build ecological landscape corridors. Strengthen the comprehensive prevention and control of geological disasters, focus on the Yangtze River Delta, North China Plain, Songnen Plain, Fenwei Basin and other areas, implement urban geological safety prevention and control projects, carry out land subsidence, ground subsidence and ground fissure treatment, repair the urban geological environment, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.
Section III Promoting the Comprehensive Improvement of Rural Land
Accelerate the comprehensive improvement of Tianshui Road and Forest Village. With the goal of not reducing the cultivated land area and improving the quality, reducing the total amount of construction land, improving rural production and living conditions and ecological environment, and in accordance with the requirements of government leading, integrating funds and safeguarding rights and interests, we will promote the comprehensive improvement of Tianshui Road and forest villages as a whole, and standardize the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land. Strengthen the control of rural land use planning. We will comprehensively promote the renovation of all kinds of inefficient agricultural land, adjust and optimize the layout of rural residential land, speed up the renovation of "hollow villages" and the renovation of dilapidated houses, and improve rural infrastructure and public service facilities. We will steadily promote the construction of beautiful and livable villages, protect natural and cultural landscapes and ecological environment, and inherit the characteristics of rural cultural landscapes.
Promote the construction of high-standard farmland. Large-scale construction of high-standard farmland, integration and improvement of construction planning, unified construction standards, supervision and assessment and storage of the above picture. Co-ordinate all kinds of farmland construction funds, do a good job in project cohesion and form a joint effort. In the northeast plain, north China plain, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, Sichuan basin, Weihe River basin in Shaanxi, gully region of Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi, Fenhe Valley and Yanbei region in Shanxi, Hetao plain, hilly plateau in Hainan, hilly and hilly region in central Hubei, Anning River valley in Panxi, oasis region at the south and north foot of Tianshan Mountain in Xinjiang and other relevant counties (cities), land consolidation projects will be carried out, reserve land suitable for cultivation will be developed moderately, and farmland infrastructure conditions in relevant regions will be comprehensively improved.
Implement soil pollution prevention and control actions. Carry out soil pollution investigation and master the quality of soil environment. Implement classified management of agricultural land to ensure the safety of agricultural production environment. Implement access management for construction land to prevent risks to human settlements. Strengthen the protection of unpolluted soil, strictly control new soil pollution, strengthen the supervision of pollution sources, carry out pollution control and remediation, and improve the quality of regional soil environment. In Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and other provinces, priority should be given to organizing the treatment and restoration of polluted cultivated land. Build a pioneer area for comprehensive prevention and control of soil pollution.
The fourth quarter to strengthen the comprehensive improvement of key ecological function areas
Strengthen the function of water conservation. In Daxing ‘anling, Changbai Mountain, Altai Mountain, Sanjiangyuan area, Gannan area, Nanling Mountain area, Qinba Mountain area, Liupanshan Mountain, Qilian Mountain and Taihang Mountain — In key water conservation areas such as Yanshan Mountain, all kinds of development activities that affect the water conservation function are strictly restricted, and ecosystems such as forests, grasslands and wetlands are rebuilt and restored to improve the water conservation function. Implement major wetland restoration projects, actively promote returning farmland to wet land and returning farmland to wet land, and take comprehensive measures to restore wetland functions. Carry out coordinated prevention and control of water and soil pollution, and comprehensively prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution and production and domestic water pollution.
Enhance the ability of soil and water conservation. Strengthen the prevention and comprehensive control of soil erosion, implement comprehensive control in small watersheds in the Loess Plateau, black soil areas in Northeast China and karst areas in Southwest China, and implement special comprehensive control in areas where sloping farmland is relatively concentrated, erosion gullies and hillsides are relatively concentrated, so as to control soil erosion to the maximum extent. Combined with promoting the regional development of rocky desertification areas in Guangxi, Guizhou and Yunnan and tackling poverty, the comprehensive improvement project of rocky desertification will be implemented to restore and rebuild the ecosystem in karst areas, control soil erosion and curb the expansion of rocky desertification.
Improve the level of wind prevention and sand fixation. Classified control of desertification, in the lower reaches of Nenjiang River and other lightly desertification areas, the implementation of returning farmland to forests and grasslands and desertification land control; Implement comprehensive improvement projects focusing on building a complete protection system in severely desertification areas such as the edge of Junggar Basin, the middle and lower reaches of Tarim River, the southern part of Tarim Basin and the lower reaches of Shiyang River; In a few areas with serious desertification, such as Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Gansu, Xinjiang, etc., ecological migration is implemented, grazing is prohibited, and regional ecological restoration is promoted. Focus on the implementation of comprehensive improvement projects such as sandstorm sources in Beijing and Tianjin, strengthen the protection of forest and grass vegetation, effectively manage public welfare forests, and prohibit grazing or enclosure of degraded and desertified grasslands. Promote planting trees and grass in suitable areas, implement projects to fix sand, carry out comprehensive management of small watersheds, and vigorously develop characteristic industries in sand areas such as planting Chinese herbal medicines, production and processing of characteristic agricultural products, and eco-tourism.
Section 5 Accelerate the comprehensive improvement of mineral resources development concentration areas
Implement mine environmental management. Carry out the recovery and comprehensive management of mine geological environment, promote the comprehensive management of historical mines, and steadily promote the reclamation and utilization of industrial and mining wasteland. By 2030, the comprehensive management rate of historical mines will reach over 60%. Strictly implement the responsibility of environmental restoration and land reclamation in new and production mines, improve the relevant systems of mine geological environment restoration, formulate and implement relevant ecological protection and restoration plans according to law, and strengthen the pollution control of mine waste water and solid waste.
Accelerate the construction of green mines. We will further improve the standard system for the construction of green mines in different industries, comprehensively promote the construction of green mines, and build a number of green mining development demonstration zones with reasonable layout, intensive and efficient, excellent ecology and harmonious mining areas in areas with relatively rich resources and relatively concentrated mines, so as to lead the transformation and upgrading of mining industry and realize the coordination between resource development and utilization and regional economic and social development. By 2030, all mines above designated size in China will meet the standards of green mines.
Section VI Comprehensive Improvement of Coastal Zones and Islands
Strengthen coastal zone restoration and management. Promote Bohai Bay, the coastal areas of northern Jiangsu and Xiamen, Fujian — Comprehensive improvement will be carried out in coastal areas with degraded functions, such as Pingtan Coast and Guangdong Pearl River Estuary, to restore the ecological environment of bays and estuaries. Strengthen the control of land-based pollution and reduce the pollution load of rivers entering the sea. Strictly implement the discharge standard of aquaculture wastewater and control the discharge of aquaculture tail water. Improve the collection and treatment rate of sewage and garbage, and improve the environment of coastal tourist areas. We will promote the ecological restoration of coastal waters, rectify the damaged coastline, and focus on the restoration and rectification of coastal areas with severely damaged natural landscapes, degraded ecological functions, weakened disaster prevention capabilities and inefficient utilization. By 2030, the renovation and restoration of coastline will be completed over 2,000 kilometers long.
Promote island protection and rectification. Focus on promoting the renovation of islands with residents, improving and renovating the infrastructure of islands to be developed and remote islands, protecting the natural resources and ecological environment of islands, and controlling soil erosion and pollution of islands. Strengthen the construction of the island protection project at the base of the territorial sea and repair the ecologically damaged island at the base of the territorial sea. Standardize the development and utilization of uninhabited islands and protect and restore the ecological environment.
Chapter VII Linkage Development
Adapt to the new situation and requirements, focus on regional cooperation to promote the development of regional integration, actively promote the development of key areas, and vigorously support the accelerated development of special areas such as the old, the young and the poor. Deepen open cooperation, strengthen regional linkage, and strive to build a more open and harmonious land development pattern.
Section 1 Promoting the Development of Regional Integration
Focusing on accelerating regional cooperation and promoting regional integration development. Relying on the axis of land development, we will further break the restrictions on administrative divisions, encourage and support development clusters to cooperate in key areas such as land development and protection, infrastructure construction and market system construction, promote industrial transfer, realize the free flow and optimal combination of factors across regions, and comprehensively improve the level and level of cooperation.
Give full play to the agglomeration and connectivity of the land development axis, accelerate the construction of comprehensive transportation corridor, promote the flow of factors and industrial cooperation along the land development axis, and promote the formation of towns and industrial intensive zones along the key development axis. Relying on the Yangtze River Economic Belt and the Silk Road Economic Belt, we will guide the industries in the eastern coastal areas to transfer to the central and western regions in an orderly manner, and encourage the central and western regions to innovate ways and modes of all-round cooperation with the eastern region by means of enterprise cooperation and park co-construction.
Support the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu and Chongqing to accelerate the integration process, strengthen cooperation in infrastructure, industrial development, ecological environment, public services, social management and other aspects, build an interconnected infrastructure network and resource factor market system, eliminate market barriers, and promote the free flow of production factors across regions.
Improve the mechanism of regional coordinated development and strengthen coordination and cooperation across regions and the whole basin. Improve the counterpart support system and measures, and establish a mutual assistance mechanism of mutual benefit and common development through developing enclave economy and building parks. Establish and improve inter-regional interest balance mechanisms such as ecological protection compensation and resource development compensation.
Give play to the leading role of key areas. We will promote the construction of various key functional platforms such as national new districts, national comprehensive reform pilot zones and key development and opening pilot zones, and promote the orderly development of various functional zones. Encourage the eastern coastal areas to actively integrate into economic globalization and regional integration, and fully participate in international division of labor and cooperation. Accelerate the construction of free trade pilot zones in Shanghai, Guangdong, Tianjin and Fujian. Strengthen the overall planning of land and sea, focus on cultivating a number of new marine economic growth poles, and promote the formation of three marine economic circles in northern, eastern and southern China. In the central and western regions, cultivating the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu-Chongqing and other regions with good economic foundation, strong carrying capacity of resources and environment and great development potential has become a new economic growth pole. Encourage the innovation and development of the reform pilot area, accelerate the pace of development and opening up, accumulate innovative practical experience, and provide experience demonstration for coordinating the coordinated development of urban and rural areas and optimizing the pattern of land and space development.
Section 2 Support the accelerated development of special areas
Accelerate the leap-forward development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic areas, border areas and poverty-stricken areas. Further increase financial transfer payments and policy support, strengthen infrastructure construction such as transportation, energy, water conservancy, information and communication, vigorously develop industries with distinctive advantages, improve the level of public services such as education, health, culture and social security, intensify ecological construction and environmental protection, and accelerate the improvement of long-term mechanisms conducive to enhancing self-development capabilities. Concentrate on supporting the accelerated development of old revolutionary base areas, vigorously promote the revitalization and development of key poverty-stricken old revolutionary base areas such as Jiangxi, Fujian and Guangdong Central Soviet Area, Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia, Dabie Mountain, Zuoyou River and Sichuan-Shaanxi, and actively support the underdeveloped old revolutionary base areas such as Yimeng, Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi, Taihang and Hailufeng to accelerate development, strengthen the foundation, improve the environment, innovate mechanisms, stimulate vitality, build revolutionary traditions and patriotic education bases, and develop characteristic industries such as red cultural industries and tourism. Vigorously support the accelerated development of ethnic minority areas, and strengthen the cooperation between the east and the west, cross-provincial counterpart support and counterpart assistance. Promote the development of superior resources in Xinjiang, strengthen the construction of basic capabilities such as agriculture, water conservancy and transportation, and promote the leap-forward development of economy and society; Promote the construction of a water-saving society in Ningxia, strengthen the basic position of agriculture, and build a high-level energy and chemical base in Ningdong; Promote the development of Guangxi coastal areas along the Yangtze River, develop characteristic industries, and enhance the regional radiation-driven ability; Promote ecological construction and environmental protection in Inner Mongolia, develop modern agriculture and animal husbandry, and build a diversified modern industrial system; We will accelerate the development of Tibetan areas in Tibet and Qinghai provinces, promote the development of industries with superior characteristics, and improve the production and living conditions in agricultural and pastoral areas.Promote the construction of border cities and key development and opening pilot zones, support Xinjiang to build an important window to the west, Tibet to build an important channel to South Asia, Yunnan to build a radiation center to South Asia and Southeast Asia, and Guangxi to build an international channel to ASEAN; Support Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and Inner Mongolia to build an important window open to the north and a central hub for regional cooperation in Northeast Asia; Accelerate the construction of the Changchun-Jilin-Tumen development and opening-up pilot area facing Northeast Asia. Intensify poverty alleviation and development, innovate poverty alleviation and development methods, improve the working mechanism of precise poverty alleviation, implement poverty alleviation in concentrated contiguous poverty-stricken areas, fully implement livelihood projects such as education, health, culture, employment, social security, and informatization in poor villages, cultivate and expand a number of industries with distinctive advantages, and enhance self-development capabilities.
Support the transformation and development of difficult areas such as resource-exhausted areas. Increase policy support, promote the development of alternative industries in difficult areas such as resource depletion, industrial recession and serious ecological degradation, promote the transformation and innovation of resource-based areas, and form a new pattern of multi-support and multi-industry development. Adhere to classified guidance and differential development, and build a long-term mechanism conducive to the sustainable development of difficult areas. Promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in resource-based areas, encourage qualified areas to cultivate and expand alternative industries, focus on solving livelihood problems such as employment and social security, strengthen environmental improvement and ecological protection, intensify geological prospecting, and tap the potential of resources. Further increase the transfer payment to resource-exhausted cities, make overall plans to solve problems left over from history, and realize sustainable economic and social development. Comprehensively promote the transformation of old industrial areas, independent industrial and mining areas and coal mining subsidence areas. The transformation of old industrial cities that support industrial recession will be accelerated, and the exit mechanism of excess capacity in areas where industries with excess capacity are concentrated will be improved. Strengthen the restoration and management of areas with serious ecological degradation, and promote ecological migration in an orderly manner. Accelerate the reform of state-owned forest farms and forest areas.
Section III Improving the Level of Open Cooperation
Construct an all-round opening-up pattern. We will implement a more proactive open policy, co-ordinate various cooperation mechanisms and platforms, improve an open economic system that is mutually beneficial and win-win, diversified, balanced, safe and efficient, give full play to the comparative advantages of various regions in China, promote the complementary advantages of coastal areas and inland areas, and comprehensively improve the level of open economy. Vigorously promote the "Belt and Road" construction and international capacity cooperation, and promote the export of products, technologies, standards and services in related fields in China. On land, relying on international corridors, supporting central cities along the route and taking key economic and trade industrial parks as cooperation platforms, we will jointly build a new Eurasian Continental Bridge, China, Mongolia, Russia and China — Central Asia — West Asia, China — International economic cooperation corridors such as Indochina Peninsula, China-Pakistan, Bangladesh, China, India and Myanmar; Taking key ports as nodes at sea, we will jointly build a smooth, safe and efficient transportation corridor.
Accelerate the construction of comprehensive transportation hubs and open bases facing the international community, and develop and build land border port towns facing international and regional cooperation. Focus on economic development zones such as Kashgar and Horgos in Xinjiang, key development and opening-up pilot zones such as Dongxing in Guangxi, Mengla in Yunnan, Ruili in Yunnan, Manzhouli in Inner Mongolia, Erenhot in Inner Mongolia, Suifenhe in Heilongjiang, and international cooperation demonstration zone in Tumen River region (Hunchun) in China, vigorously develop export-oriented advantageous industries, build energy resources import and processing bases, develop international trade logistics parks and distribution centers, and promote the construction of international transportation channels. Accelerate the construction of border economic cooperation zones, cross-border economic cooperation zones and cross-border tourism cooperation zones, and develop border areas into important areas for promoting good neighborliness, win-win cooperation and enhancing the country’s comprehensive strength.
Table 4 Land border port towns under key construction
1. Facing northeast Asia
Dandong, Ji ‘an, Linjiang, Changbai, Helong, Tumen, Hunchun, Heihe, Suifenhe, Fuyuan, Tongjiang, Dongning, Manzhouli, Erenhot, Ganqimaodu and Ceke.
2. Facing Central Asia and West Asia
Kashgar, Horgos, Yining, Bole, Alashankou, Tacheng
3. Facing southeast Asia
Dongxing, Pingxiang, Ningming, Longzhou, Jingxi, Napo, Ruili, Mohan, Wanding and Hekou
4. Facing south Asia
Zhangmu, Geelong, Yadong, Pulan
Improve the level of open cooperation in the field of land and resources. Establish and improve the operation mechanism of two kinds of resources and two markets, formulate and improve relevant supporting policies for effective development and utilization of overseas resources, accelerate the pace of "going global", strengthen overseas geological survey and exploration, support powerful enterprise groups to "go global", actively enhance the space and capacity of overseas mineral resources development and utilization, improve the optimal allocation and guarantee level of national strategic resources, and establish a stable, harmonious and mutually beneficial benefit-sharing mechanism for resource development and utilization. We will build an international corridor for land and sea energy resources, expand imports of energy resources that are in short supply at home, strengthen strategic reserves of important energy resources such as oil, promote technical exchanges and cooperation, and encourage the introduction of advanced exploration and development technologies, management experience and high-quality talents.
Chapter VIII Support and Guarantee
Adapt to the overall trinity pattern of land agglomeration development, classified protection and comprehensive improvement, and promote the formation of a modern basic support and guarantee system with more perfect infrastructure, more powerful resource guarantee, more efficient disaster prevention and mitigation, and more sound institutional mechanisms.
Section 1 Strengthening infrastructure construction
Improve the comprehensive transportation system. To meet the needs of the construction of multi-center network-based land space development pattern, we will speed up the construction of international and domestic comprehensive transportation corridors, strengthen the construction of comprehensive transportation infrastructure networks, and build a comprehensive transportation system consisting of railways, highways, waterways, civil aviation and pipelines, which is connected internally and externally, covering a wide range, green and intelligent, safe and efficient.
Build a developed and perfect railway network. Accelerate the construction of high-speed railways, interregional trunk lines and land development railways, actively develop intercity and suburban (regional) railways, improve the regional railway network, and optimize the transportation network in urban dense areas. By 2030, the national railway operating mileage will reach more than 200,000 kilometers.
Build a smooth and convenient highway network. Improve the national highway network, speed up the construction of the remaining sections of national highways, promote the construction of expanded sections, strengthen the new reconstruction of national and provincial trunk highways, build economic trunk highways, port highways, port collection and distribution highways, tourist highways and national border highways, and promote the construction of rural highways. By 2030, a road network of 5.8 million kilometers will be built.
Improve the modern water transport system. Focus on the construction of high-grade inland waterways and major coastal ports. By 2030, an inland waterway system will be built to connect the trunk and branch and communicate with the ocean; Further optimize the layout of five regional port groups around Bohai Sea, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Southeast Coast and Southwest Coast, and form a modern port system with distinct levels, complementary advantages and perfect functions.
Improve the airport layout system. Accelerate the implementation of the relocation, new construction, renovation and expansion of trunk airports, and increase the construction of regional airports. By 2030, a modern airport system with wide coverage, reasonable distribution, perfect functions and intensive environmental protection will be basically built.
Reasonable layout of pipeline transportation network. Coordinate the construction of oil and gas import transportation channels and domestic reserve systems, and accelerate the formation of cross-regional oil and gas transportation channels closely connected with neighboring countries and regions. We will speed up the construction of the main pipelines for importing crude oil and natural gas on the three major land routes in northwest, northeast and southwest China, improve the pipelines for transporting refined oil that radiate from the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, the southwest and southeast coasts to inland areas and the hinterland along the river, and strengthen the construction of the pipelines for exporting refined oil in northwest and northeast China. We will improve the regional natural gas pipeline networks such as Chengdu-Chongqing, Bohai Rim, Pearl River Delta, Central South and Yangtze River Delta, and form a national backbone pipeline network connecting the main producing areas, consumption areas and gas storage points.
Accelerate the construction of water conservancy infrastructure. Adhere to water-saving priority, spatial balance, systematic management, and two-handed efforts, concentrate on accelerating the construction of a number of overall and strategic major water conservancy projects, make overall plans to strengthen the construction of small and medium-sized water conservancy facilities, and improve the ability of water security. Promote river basin system improvement, further consolidate rural water conservancy foundation, strengthen water ecological management and protection, and improve water conservancy disaster prevention and mitigation system.
Strengthen the construction of flood control and drought relief facilities in rivers, lakes and reservoirs. We will continue to promote the management of large rivers and lakes and the construction of flood storage and detention areas. Accelerate the management of waterlogged areas in small and medium-sized rivers and key plains and the construction of urban drainage facilities, and strengthen the prevention and control of mountain torrents, the construction of seawalls and the regulation of cross-border rivers. Strengthen the construction of emergency standby water sources in important cities, steadily promote the construction of sponge cities, speed up the construction of drought-resistant water source projects and supporting facilities in drought-prone areas, major grain producing areas and urban dense areas, and do a good job in the conservation and storage of groundwater sources.
Accelerate the construction of rural water conservancy facilities. Vigorously develop water-saving irrigation, complete the continuous construction and water-saving transformation of large-scale irrigation areas and key medium-sized irrigation areas nationwide, and build a number of modern irrigation areas. Promote the construction of small-scale farmland water conservancy and actively develop water conservancy in pastoral areas. Implement rural drinking water safety consolidation and upgrading projects to further improve the level of rural water supply security.
Promote the construction of water resources allocation project. Promote the construction of key water source projects in an orderly manner, and improve the water resources storage capacity and water supply guarantee capacity of key areas, key cities and major grain producing areas. In accordance with the principles of real need, ecological safety and sustainability, we will promote the construction of water diversion projects in an appropriate and orderly manner, control the number and scale of inter-basin water diversion projects, and make overall plans to solve the problem of regional water shortage. Strengthen the use of unconventional water sources such as rain and flood, reclaimed water and seawater desalination. According to local conditions, we will carry out the construction of water system connection between rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and build a water network system of rivers, lakes and reservoirs with smooth drainage, proper storage and discharge, rich and poor regulation and multi-source complementarity.
Strengthen the construction of environmental protection infrastructure. Improve the level of urban sewage treatment, increase the construction of sewage pipe network, promote the transformation of rain and sewage diversion, and accelerate the construction of sewage treatment plants in county towns and key towns. Strengthen the prevention and control of pollution caused by bulk industrial solid waste and hazardous waste, and speed up the whole process management of medical waste and the construction of facilities for harmless disposal and urban and rural domestic waste treatment. We will build an advanced and efficient radioactive pollution control and waste treatment system and accelerate the capacity building of radioactive waste storage, treatment and disposal.
Promote the construction of information and communication infrastructure. Accelerate the construction of a new generation of high-speed, mobile, secure and ubiquitous information infrastructure, and form a cyberspace with internet of everything, human-computer interaction and integration of heaven and earth. Make overall arrangements for the construction of new-generation mobile communication network, next-generation Internet, digital radio and television network, satellite communication and other facilities, realize the integration of telecommunication network, radio and television network and Internet, promote network interconnection and business integration, and form an ultra-high-speed, large-capacity and high-intelligence national trunk transmission network. Construction of earth observation system and information superhighway. Strengthen the construction of geospatial information infrastructure. Implement the strategy of "Broadband China" and accelerate the construction of a new generation of broadband, converged, ubiquitous and secure network infrastructure. Accelerate the moderately advanced construction and balanced development of broadband network infrastructure, gradually promote the large-scale application of the Internet of Things, strengthen the construction of information and communication infrastructure in rural areas, and improve the penetration rate of information terminals in rural areas.
Section 2 Ensuring Reasonable Demand for Construction Land
Necessary land for economic and social development. Give full play to the overall control role of the overall land use planning and land use planning, and rationally arrange the scale, layout, structure and timing of construction land. Give priority to ensuring land for livelihood projects such as ex situ poverty alleviation and relocation, strategic emerging industries and modern service industries, and rationally arrange land for key infrastructure projects. Support the construction of new countryside and ensure the construction land necessary for agricultural production, farmers’ life and rural development. Ensure the development of rational land use in border areas and promote the rapid development of export-oriented economy.
Reasonably expand the new space of construction land. Under the premise of not damaging the natural environment and ensuring geological and ecological security, we should guide industrial and urban construction to give priority to the development of low hills and gentle slopes, saline-alkali land, bare land and other unused and abandoned land, reduce the occupation of cultivated land by construction, and try not to occupy cultivated land as much as possible. If it is really necessary to occupy cultivated land, we should strictly implement the system of occupation and compensation. Scientific planning, rational development and utilization of underground space. According to the carrying capacity of marine ecological environment, the scale of reclamation is scientifically and reasonably determined.
Comprehensively improve the level of land conservation and intensive use. We will implement the dual control of the total amount and intensity of construction land, strictly implement the access standards for construction projects, innovate land-saving models, and popularize land-saving technologies. Strictly control the new construction land and effectively control the disorderly expansion of Xincheng New District and Development Zone. We will promote the redevelopment of inefficient land in cities and towns and the development and utilization of low hills and gentle slopes in an orderly manner, promote the multi-functional development of construction land, the comprehensive development and utilization of the ground and underground, and promote the reuse of existing resources such as vacant buildings and factories. Strictly control the scale of rural collective construction land, explore the establishment of purchasing and storage system, and revitalize rural idle construction land. Strengthen land use monitoring and supervision, and implement the target assessment of construction land for unit GDP. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the use area of construction land per unit of GDP decreased by 20%.
Control the intensity of land development. According to the carrying capacity of resources and environment, the intensity of land development and its position in the pattern of land development in each region, the indicators of construction land should be rationally allocated and the intensity of land development should be regulated differently. Further optimize the spatial development structure in the Bohai Rim region, the Yangtze River Delta region and the Pearl River Delta region, strictly control the development intensity and the supply of new construction land, actively revitalize the existing construction land and reduce the proportion of industrial land. Support key development areas such as the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Chengdu-Chongqing areas to accelerate industrial development and population agglomeration, promote economic and social development, appropriately increase the intensity of land development, and stabilize the supply of construction land. Limit the development intensity of major agricultural production areas and key ecological function areas, and encourage the renovation and restoration of agricultural and ecological space. By 2030, the intensity of land development will be controlled within 4.62%. Optimize the structure and layout of urban and rural construction land, and adjust the ratio of urban and rural construction land area to about 3.9: 6.1 by 2030.
Section III Strengthening the Comprehensive Allocation of Water Resources
Strictly control the total water consumption in river basins and regions. Coordinate the carrying capacity of water resources and reasonable water demand in various regions, control the intensity of water resources development and utilization, and scientifically formulate water distribution plans for major river basins.
Strengthen the capacity building of water resources guarantee. Reasonable arrangement of production, living and ecological water, unified deployment of local and foreign, surface and groundwater resources. Reasonably arrange and transform existing water sources, scientifically plan to build and adjust water sources, combine storage, diversion and regulation, simultaneously develop large, medium and small areas, and establish and improve a water supply system that combines river basins with regions, coordinates urban and rural areas, and coordinates development and utilization with conservation and protection.
Promote the economical use of water resources. Establish and improve the system and mechanism conducive to water conservation, steadily promote water price reform, strengthen water quota management, and accelerate the formulation of national standards for water quota for high-water-consuming industries and services. Based on the carrying capacity of water resources, strictly control the shortage of water resources and the expansion of urban scale in ecologically fragile areas. Strict industrial access and water quota control shall be implemented in areas with water shortage. Accelerate the water-saving transformation of agriculture, industry and cities and towns, and carry out the demonstration of comprehensive water-saving transformation. Accelerate the utilization of unconventional water resources and implement projects such as the utilization of rain and flood resources and the utilization of reclaimed water. Change the way of agricultural water use, and comprehensively improve the efficiency and benefit of water resources utilization. By 2030, the national water-saving irrigation area will account for more than 85% of the farmland irrigation area, and the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water will increase to more than 0.6.
The fourth quarter to build energy security system
Strengthen energy and mineral exploration. Strengthen oil and gas exploration in key basins such as Bohai Bay, Ordos, Sichuan, Tarim and East China Sea to obtain large-scale reserves in accordance with the idea of deepening the eastern (central) part, developing the western part, speeding up the sea area, opening up new areas and expanding overseas; Intensify the exploration of oil and gas-bearing basins such as Yine and Qiangtang and the middle and upper Yangtze region to realize the strategic succession of oil and gas resources. Focusing on high-quality thermal coal and coking coal, we will speed up the resource exploration process of large coal bases in Shendong, northern Shaanxi and northern Shanxi. Strengthen the investigation and potential evaluation of uranium resources and speed up the exploration of a number of new mineral sites. Implement the investigation and potential evaluation of oil shale and oil sand resources, actively promote the exploration of unconventional oil and gas resources such as shale gas, coalbed methane and tight oil (gas), and explore and develop natural gas hydrate in areas with reservoir-forming conditions in China’s sea areas and land areas. Carry out national geothermal resources prospect investigation and evaluation.
Improve the level of energy development and utilization. Promote the revolution of energy production and consumption, optimize the energy structure, focus on opening up sources, reducing expenditure and reducing emissions, and ensure the safe supply of energy. Focus on the construction of five key comprehensive energy bases in Shanxi, Ordos Basin, eastern Inner Mongolia, southwest China and Xinjiang and the eastern coastal nuclear power belt, and build a pattern of energy development and utilization in the "five bases and one belt". Strengthen the development of deep-sea oil and gas resources, accelerate the storage and production of conventional natural gas, and promote the research and development and popularization of comprehensive utilization technologies of oil shale, shale gas, natural gas hydrate and oil sands. Strengthen the comprehensive development of coalbed methane and coal resources and improve the level of comprehensive utilization. Effectively improve the level of coal processing and transformation, and strengthen the clean and efficient utilization of coal. On the premise of ecological protection, we will develop hydropower in an orderly and steady manner, nuclear power in a safe way, wind power in a high efficiency, expand the utilization of solar energy, and develop biomass energy in an orderly manner. We will implement demonstration projects for the integrated utilization of new energy sources, promote the development of renewable energy sources such as new solar photovoltaic and photothermal power generation, biomass gasification, biofuels and ocean energy according to local conditions, and greatly increase the proportion of non-fossil energy sources in total energy consumption.
Improve the efficient and efficient backbone network of power and coal transportation. Strengthen the overall construction of smart grid and distributed energy system, and gradually reduce the proportion of coal consumption, especially the proportion of non-electric coal. Adhere to the simultaneous transmission of coal and electricity, gradually increase the proportion of electricity transmission, and expand the scale of transporting coal from north to south and transmitting electricity from west to east. In combination with the layout of large-scale energy bases, we will steadily build power transmission channels from southwest energy bases to East China, Central China and Guangdong Province, and from Ordos Basin, Shanxi and Xilin Gol League energy bases to North China, Central China and East China. Accelerate the construction of regional and inter-provincial EHV main power grids, accelerate the implementation of urban and rural distribution network construction and transformation projects, and improve the comprehensive power supply capacity and reliability. Optimize the cross-regional flow direction of coal, and focus on building a strategic channel for transporting coal from the western part of Inner Mongolia to Central China; Construction of new channels for transporting coal from Shanxi, Shaanxi and western Inner Mongolia to Tangshan port, and from south-central Shanxi to Shandong coastal port; Combined with the capacity expansion and reconstruction of Lanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and the construction of lanzhou-chongqing railway, the Xinjiang coal transportation channel will be improved.
Section 5: Enhancing the Guarantee Capacity of Non-energy Important Mineral Resources
Strengthen the exploration of important mineral resources. Actively implement the strategic action of prospecting breakthrough, focusing on minerals such as iron, copper, aluminum, lead, zinc, gold and potassium salt, taking into account rare, scattered, rare earth metals and important non-metallic minerals, improving the new market-oriented geological prospecting mechanism and promoting a major breakthrough in geological prospecting. Strengthen the exploration of key metallogenic belts, find out the background of marine mineral resources, build a number of mineral resources exploration and mining bases, and shape a new pattern of resource security and mining development. Actively participate in the exploration and development of foreign mineral resources. By 2030, the proven reserves of important mineral resources will maintain steady growth.
Strengthen the rational development and protection of mineral resources. Improve the continuous supply capacity of important metal minerals such as iron, copper and bauxite, and develop new non-metallic mineral materials such as graphite. Actively develop and utilize strategic emerging minerals, strengthen the protection of important dominant minerals, and control the total mining amount of specific minerals for protective mining. We will improve an important mineral reserve system that combines strategic reserves with commercial reserves, and mineral reserves and mineral reserves complement each other. By 2030, the domestic guarantee level of important minerals will be improved.
Promote the comprehensive utilization of mineral resources. Strengthen the comprehensive evaluation and comprehensive utilization of low-grade, associated and refractory mineral resources, increase and revitalize a number of resource reserves, accelerate the research and development and promotion of safe, efficient and advanced mining and dressing technology and equipment, and reduce reserve consumption and mine waste discharge. Establish a system of management, supervision and inspection of access standards for mining and dressing recovery rate of mineral resources, carry out pilot demonstrations for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, promote the construction of demonstration bases for comprehensive utilization of mineral resources and green mines, promote the development of circular economy in the field of mineral resources, improve the overall level of mining and dressing recovery rate and comprehensive utilization rate of mineral resources, and improve the utilization efficiency of mineral resources.
Section VI Strengthening the Ability of Disaster Prevention and Mitigation
Improve the disaster monitoring and early warning network. Strengthen the development, experiment and popularization of natural disaster prediction and early warning technology, strengthen early monitoring and rapid early warning of major natural disasters, and improve the short-term and medium-and long-term forecasting ability of sudden natural disasters. Establish disaster prevention and mitigation information sharing, forecasting consultation and early warning linkage mechanism, and strengthen the capacity building of early warning information release.
Strengthen disaster prevention and control in key areas. Focus on high-risk areas of natural disasters and major engineering disturbance areas, and strengthen early identification, risk assessment, monitoring and early warning and engineering prevention of major natural disasters and catastrophe hazards. Strengthen the capacity building of disaster prevention and mitigation in areas with serious natural disasters, and improve the fortification standards and disaster resistance of urban and rural buildings and public facilities. Carry out risk assessment of important facilities and general survey of seismic performance of buildings in densely populated and industrial areas, and build a comprehensive disaster prevention capability information database. Combined with the construction of new countryside, the resettlement of major hidden dangers of geological disasters will be organized in an orderly manner.
Improve the comprehensive disaster response capability. Implement natural disaster prevention projects. Accelerate the construction of key projects such as flood control and drought relief, earthquake prevention, cold and frost resistance, wind and tide resistance, forest and grassland fire prevention, major sandstorm disaster prevention, pest control, and wildlife epidemic source prevention and control. We will improve the disaster management mechanism involving the government, society, enterprises and individuals, further strengthen the capacity building of disaster risk prevention, emergency rescue and post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, and promote the formation of a comprehensive disaster prevention and mitigation work pattern with multi-disaster prevention, coordination of various departments and cross-regional cooperation.
Building a national ecological security barrier. Relying on key ecological functional areas, we will accelerate the construction of national ecological security barriers. Strengthen the protection and restoration of forest resources and promote the restoration of wetlands in the forest ecological functional areas of Daxing’ anling and Changbai Mountain and Sanjiang Plain; Protect and restore forest and grass vegetation in Ordos, Alashan and the northern edge of Tarim basin, and enhance the function of windbreak and sand fixation; Strengthen the protection and restoration of grasslands and wetlands and enhance the function of water conservation in Sanjiangyuan and Qilian Mountains; In the Loess Plateau and Taihang Mountain areas, strengthen the protection and restoration of natural vegetation such as forests and grasslands, and enhance the function of soil and water conservation; In Qinba Mountain, Minshan Mountain and Hengduan Mountain, strengthen the protection of forest resources and wildlife species resources, and enhance the function of water conservation; In the Three Gorges reservoir area, strengthen the protection and restoration of natural vegetation such as forests and grasslands, and enhance the functions of soil and water conservation and water conservation; In southwest karst areas, rocky desertification control should be carried out to enhance the functions of soil and water conservation and water conservation; In the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, strengthen the restoration of lake wetlands and enhance the flood storage function; In Nanling Mountain and Wuyishan District, strengthen the protection and restoration of forest resources, and enhance the functions of soil and water conservation and water conservation; In the eastern coastal areas, strengthen the protection and restoration of coastal shelterbelts, especially mangroves, and enhance the functions of protecting the coast and resisting natural disasters such as typhoons and tsunamis; In Northeast China, North China and the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain, the ecological protection function should be enhanced to ensure the safety of grain production; In large and medium-sized cities, strengthen the protection of forests, grasslands, lakes, wetlands, farmland and other resources, and enhance the functions of ecological protection, climate regulation and landscape greening.
Section 7 Promoting institutional and institutional innovation
Improve the natural resources management system. In accordance with the requirements of clear ownership, clear rights and responsibilities and effective supervision, we will speed up the improvement of the property right system of natural resources assets, strive to establish and improve the national unified management system of public welfare natural resources assets, adhere to and improve the paid use system of operational natural resources assets, and uniformly register the natural ecological spaces such as water, forests, mountains, grasslands, wasteland, beaches and proven reserves of mineral resources. Improve the natural resources supervision system and uniformly exercise the duties of controlling the use of land and space. Based on the implementation of comprehensive investigation and evaluation system and strengthening dynamic monitoring, we will establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for the carrying capacity of resources and environment, and implement restricted development for areas with weakened carrying capacity of resources and environment. Establish and improve the system of land space development, protection and use control, fully implement the system of paid use of natural resources and assets and the system of compensation for ecological protection, and incorporate resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits into the evaluation system of economic and social development; Establish a reward and punishment mechanism for the development and utilization of natural resources, and improve the system of economical and intensive use of energy, water and land; Gradually establish a diversified ecological protection compensation mechanism covering key areas such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, oceans, currents and cultivated land, and important areas such as prohibited development areas and key ecological function areas. In accordance with the principles of paid disposal, rational distribution of income and strengthening comprehensive supervision, establish and improve the management system of state-owned natural resources assets.
Improve the market mechanism. Deepen the reform of the system of paid use of natural resources assets and promote the construction of the market system. Expand the scope of paid use, innovate acquisition methods, improve the occupation system, and improve the resource price formation mechanism and income distribution system. Further expand the scope of market allocation of natural resources. Improve the system of natural resource use rights and promote the free and orderly circulation of resource use rights. Establish a unified, open, competitive and orderly market system for resource elements. Deepen the reform of factor prices and factor markets for resource products, and establish a price formation mechanism for resource products that reflects the relationship between market supply and demand, the scarcity of resources and the cost of environmental damage. Improve the tangible market of natural resources elements, strengthen the construction of public resources trading platform, improve trading rules, and promote openness and transparency of transactions. Improve the ability of market information supervision of resource elements, based on the dynamic monitoring of land market, improve the unified dynamic supervision system covering market information of resource elements such as mining rights and sea area use rights, and strengthen market regulation and supervision.
Strict "three lines" control. Delineate urban, agricultural and ecological spaces, and strictly implement use control. Scientifically determine the intensity of land development, strictly implement and constantly improve the strictest farmland protection system, water resources management system and environmental protection system, and implement total control and quota management system for strategic resources involving national food, energy, ecology and economic security, and decompose them into provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). Set a "survival line", define the protected area of cultivated land and the scale of water resources development, and ensure the national food and water resources security; Set up "ecological line", delimit the area and scope of forest, grassland, rivers and lakes, wetlands, oceans and other ecological elements, clarify the scope of various protected areas, and improve the level of ecological security; Set up a "security line" to ensure the construction land necessary for economic and social development, promote the healthy development of new industrialization and urbanization, determine the production bases and transportation channels of energy and important mineral resources, and ensure the sustained and effective supply of national energy resources.
Implement partition boot. In accordance with the general requirements of giving full play to regional comparative advantages, promoting regional coordinated development, promoting in-depth land development and land-sea overall planning, and on the basis of comprehensive consideration of natural background conditions, economic and social ties, population and industrial distribution, we will clarify the development priorities, protection contents and remediation tasks of various regions, formulate and implement differentiated policies, innovate management methods, further strengthen regional guidance and spatial control, and promote balanced land development and regional coordinated development.
Chapter IX Supporting Policies
On the basis of giving full play to the comprehensive efficiency of existing relevant policies, we will actively promote institutional innovation, study and formulate a supporting policy system to promote the optimization of land spatial development pattern, and ensure the completion of the planning objectives and key tasks of the Outline.
Section 1 Resources and Environmental Policies
Accelerate the reform and innovation of land management system. Strengthen the management of land use conversion license, and implement differentiated land use and land management policies according to the functional orientation and development direction of different main functional areas. Implement the strictest farmland protection system and implement the target responsibility system for farmland protection of people’s governments at all levels. Implement the strictest land saving system, establish a standard control system for the use of construction land, establish and improve the responsibility mechanism and assessment system for land saving and intensive use, and create a model city and county for land saving and intensive use. Strengthen the potential of the existing construction land and revitalize the existing land. We will further improve policies such as linking the increase and decrease of urban and rural construction land, reclamation and utilization of industrial and mining wasteland, and development and utilization of low hills and gentle slopes and unused land. Deepen the reform of urban land use system, improve laws and regulations, implement the redevelopment of inefficient urban land, and promote the pilot reform of the secondary land market. We will promote the reform of rural land system as a whole, and do a good job in rural land acquisition, collective construction land entering the market, and homestead system reform.
Implement the strictest water resources management system. Strict water resources development and utilization control, water use efficiency control, and "three red lines" management of water functional areas to limit pollution intake. Strengthen the control and management of water resources development and utilization, strictly plan management and water resources demonstration, control the total water intake in river basins and regions, and strictly implement the system of water intake permit and paid use of water resources. Strengthen water efficiency control and management, and strengthen water quota management in various regions and industries. Accelerate the technological transformation of water saving, strengthen the management of water functional areas to limit pollution, strictly check the pollution capacity of water areas, and strictly control the total amount of sewage discharged into rivers and lakes. Accelerate the pilot of water rights trading and cultivate and standardize the water rights market. Improve the water resources monitoring system and establish a water resources management responsibility assessment system.
Deepen the reform of mineral resources management system. Explore the establishment of a mineral resources rights and interests system, further deepen the reform of the paid use system of mineral resources, establish a minimum exploration investment standard and a dynamic adjustment mechanism for mining rights use fees, and adjust the collection standards for mining rights use fees. Strictly control and standardize the transfer of mining rights by agreement, comprehensively promote the construction of mining rights market, and improve the income distribution mechanism of mineral resources development. Improve the technical standard system for the conservation and comprehensive utilization of mineral resources, and formulate and improve the "three rates" (mining recovery rate, mineral processing recovery rate and comprehensive utilization rate) standards for important mineral resources. Improve the investigation, monitoring and evaluation system of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization, strengthen the incentive and restraint mechanism of mineral resources conservation and comprehensive utilization, improve the guiding policies such as resource allocation and economic incentives, and promote the sustainable utilization of resources. Formulate support policies for mineral resources exploration, mineral resources reserve protection, mine ecological protection and restoration and management.
Improve the management system for the use of sea areas. Strict planning and management of sea use, giving play to the control role of marine functional zoning and planning, strengthening intensive sea use, and strictly restricting the plan of reclamation. Scientifically determine the scale, mode and timing of marine development. Reasonably control the scale of all kinds of construction seas, and give priority to encouraging industries, strategic emerging industries and social welfare projects. Promote the bidding, auction and listing of the right to use sea areas, and standardize the transfer, lease and mortgage management of the right to use sea areas. Improve the management system of sea area gold collection and increase investment in sea area and coastal zone remediation and restoration. Establish a marine ecological environment protection and restoration mechanism with land-sea coordination and regional linkage, strengthen the comprehensive management of beaches, inshore waters, important bays and fragile coastlines, and strictly control the discharge of land-based pollutants into the sea.
Improve the environmental protection management system. Delineate the red line of ecological protection, strictly abide by the bottom line of environmental quality, regard the environmental quality such as atmosphere, water and soil as the red line of environmental responsibility of local governments at all levels, and determine the total pollutant discharge limit and environmental risk prevention and control measures accordingly. Establish and improve an environmental protection management system that strictly supervises the discharge of all pollutants, establish a regional linkage mechanism for ecosystem restoration and pollution prevention as a whole on land and sea, and improve the pollutant discharge permit system. Implement the environmental target responsibility system, promote the total emission reduction of major pollutants and environmental quality supervision and assessment. In the key areas of comprehensive prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, the total discharge of pollutants will be controlled, the system of paid acquisition and use of emission rights will be improved, the pilot scope of paid use and trading of emission rights will be expanded, and the emission rights trading market will be developed. Promote the establishment of a credit evaluation system for corporate environmental behavior. Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system and improve the linkage mechanism between planning environmental impact assessment and construction project impact assessment. Actively promote the third-party control of environmental pollution and introduce social forces to invest in environmental pollution control.
Section II Industrial Investment Policy
Improve industrial policies. In accordance with the overall requirements of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode and optimizing the pattern of land spatial development, the industrial structure adjustment guidance catalogue and the foreign investment industry guidance catalogue are revised regularly. In accordance with the principles of differentiated treatment, maintaining pressure and classified guidance, we will deepen and refine the industrial policy system in view of the resource and environmental constraints in different regions. Strengthen market access standards such as energy saving, land saving, water saving, environment, technology and safety, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, rationally control the total energy consumption, adjust the energy structure, and promote the safe and green development and clean low-carbon utilization of traditional energy. Develop clean energy and renewable energy. Establish and improve the trading market for energy saving and carbon emission rights. Develop circular economy, and improve pollutant discharge standards and cleaner production evaluation standards in papermaking, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, building materials, nonferrous metals, tanning and other industries. Vigorously develop energy-saving and environmental protection industries and implement major technical equipment industrialization projects for energy-saving and environmental protection industries. Develop organic agriculture, ecological agriculture and forest industries such as characteristic economic forest, under-forest economy and forest tourism.
Optimize investment policies. We will increase investment in special areas such as comprehensive land improvement areas, key ecological function areas, and poverty-stricken areas of the old and the young, establish a multi-input incentive mechanism, scientifically guide private capital to participate in land development, protection and improvement, improve the investment income distribution mechanism, and form a joint force for land development and protection.
Section III Fiscal and Tax Policies
Improve the fiscal and taxation policies to promote farmland protection and agricultural development. Improve the compensation system for farmland protection. Increase public financial support for agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and ensure the steady growth of investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers. Gradually increase the central government’s financial transfer payment to the main agricultural production areas. We will improve the interest compensation system in major grain producing areas and support the construction of public services and infrastructure facilities in major grain producing areas. Increase incentive funds for major grain-producing counties, improve the per capita financial level of major grain-producing counties, adjust and improve agricultural subsidy policies, focus on supporting moderate-scale grain management, and increase support for the protection of cultivated land fertility. Strengthen the effective connection between fiscal and taxation policies and rural financial policies, guide more credit funds to invest in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and improve agricultural insurance policies.
Establish and improve the interest compensation mechanism to promote ecological protection. Further reform and improve the fiscal and taxation system, improve the transfer payment system, merge and standardize the existing compensation channels for ecological protection, and gradually increase the central government’s transfer payment to key ecological functional areas and investment in prohibited development areas. We will promote the establishment of a horizontal compensation mechanism for ecological protection between regions and the upper and lower reaches of the river basin, adhere to the principle of "who benefits and who compensates", and explore ways to implement ecological protection compensation for protected areas and ecological benefit areas through financial subsidies, industrial transfer, personnel training and park co-construction.
Chapter X Implementation of the Outline
The implementation of the Outline should give full play to the decisive role of the market in allocating resources, and governments at all levels should correctly perform their duties, earnestly strengthen organizational leadership, rationally allocate public resources, effectively guide social resources, improve institutional mechanisms, lay a solid foundation for implementation, and ensure the smooth completion of the objectives and tasks of the Outline.
The first section tamps the implementation foundation
Improve the planning system. On the basis of the planning of the main functional areas, coordinate all kinds of spatial planning, promote the "multi-regulation integration", formulate national and provincial land planning, and coordinate with urban and rural construction, regional development, environmental protection and other planning to promote the "multi-regulation integration" of economic and social development, urban and rural construction, land use and ecological environmental protection at the city and county levels. All regions, departments and industries should work out relevant plans and formulate relevant policies, which should be linked with the land planning in terms of land development, protection and remediation.
Improve the legal system. Promote the formulation and revision of relevant laws and regulations, improve the scientific, democratic and standardized planning and implementation management system, and strictly standardize the procedures for the preparation, examination and approval, implementation and revision of land planning.
Strengthen team building. Strengthen the research on the theory, method and technology of land planning, and promote the development of land planning discipline; We will speed up the formulation of rules, technical standards and quality standards for land planning. Establish and improve the qualification certification system for planning practitioners and institutions, and promote the construction of land planning talents and institutions; Effectively improve the professional quality of land planning technology and management talents, and improve the level of land planning management.
Section 2 Strengthening implementation management
Strengthen organizational leadership. The Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission shall, jointly with relevant departments, establish a departmental communication and consultation mechanism for the implementation of the Outline, earnestly perform their duties, strengthen the design of institutional mechanisms, coordinate the research and formulation of major policies, coordinate and solve major problems in land development, protection and rectification, and jointly promote implementation. Local people’s governments at all levels should establish and improve the working mechanism, study and formulate specific policies, measures and work plans, and fully implement the objectives and tasks of the Outline. It is necessary to strengthen the coordination and linkage between the central and local governments, clarify the division of responsibilities, and form a joint responsibility mechanism to promote implementation. Establish a performance appraisal system for the implementation of the Outline, and incorporate the implementation into the scope of supervision and inspection of the provincial people’s governments by the state land supervision institutions.
Promote public participation. Establish an expert consultation system, set up a widely representative expert Committee, and strengthen the consultation and demonstration of the preparation and implementation of land planning. Establish and improve the public participation system, increase publicity, enhance public awareness of the importance of scientific, efficient and intensive use of land space, improve the initiative of the whole society to participate in the implementation and supervision of the Outline, and create a good atmosphere conducive to the development and utilization of land space according to laws and regulations.
Strengthen supervision. The Ministry of Land and Resources and the National Development and Reform Commission should establish and improve the supervision and inspection system for the implementation of the Outline, adhere to the combination of special inspections and daily supervision and inspection, strengthen special statistics on implementation, and comprehensively and timely grasp basic data and information. We will improve the system and mechanism of land and resources investigation, evaluation and dynamic monitoring, establish a monitoring system for land spatial changes, improve survey and monitoring indicators and networks, and comprehensively monitor and evaluate the implementation of land planning. Establish a regular evaluation and dynamic adjustment mechanism for the implementation of the Outline. Establish an information release system, improve the informatization level of land planning management, and promote information sharing. Report major events to the State Council in time.
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1 Calculated according to the rural poverty standard of 2300 yuan per person per year (constant price in 2010).
